Neuropsychological functioning and jumping to conclusions in recent onset psychosis patients

González, Lucas Elio; López-Carrilero, Raquel; Barrigón, María Luisa; Grasa, Eva; Barajas, Ana; Pousa, Esther; González-Higueras, Fermín; Ruiz-Delgado, Isabel; Cid, Jordi; Lorente-Rovira, Esther; Peláez, Trinidad; Ochoa, Susana

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.09.039

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The above findings argue against the existence of sex differences in JTC and evidence integration both in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and in healthy controls. Our results with respect to JTC are consistent with those of a recent study that found similar rates of JTC in male and female patients with recent-onset psychosis (González et al, 2018). In conjunction with the finding of a recent metaanalysis that JTC and BADE are associated with delusional severity (McLean et al, 2017), the lack of a difference between male and female patients might be explained by the lack of sex differences in delusion severity in the present sample, or in previous psychopathological studies in patients with psychotic disorders (Leung and Psych, 2000;Ochoa et al, 2012;Roth, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Based on additional equivalence tests, we could not exclude the possibility that women might show reduced evidence integration impairment, more cautious evidence gathering and increased positive response bias compared to men, at a small effect size. Regarding jumping-to-conclusions, sex differences in the observed direction would be consistent with previous reports of better cognitive functioning (Bozikas et al, 2010;Goldstein et al, 1998) and functional outcomes (Leung and Psych, 2000;Ochoa et al, 2012;Roth, 2008), in female patients with psychotic disorders, both of which have been associated with this cognitive bias (Andreou et al, 2015a(Andreou et al, , 2014bFreeman et al, 2014;González et al, 2018;Moritz et al, 2014;Ochoa et al, 2014). However, it should be noted that positive response bias, a bias not associated with delusions, also showed differences between men and women in the present study.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…In the only existing study reporting cognitive bias performance according to sex, González et al, 2018 reported no sex differences in JTC in patients with recent-onset psychotic disorders. However, these authors used a dichotomous definition of JTC, which may have reduced the power to detect subtle differences in the amount of evidence gathering between men and women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Investigation of sex differences in delusion-associated cognitive biases

Vos

Leanza

Mackintosh

et al. 2019

Psychiatry Research

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Highlights  Patients with schizophrenia exhibit sex differences in illness characteristics  We investigated sex differences in delusion-associated cognitive biases  To this purpose, we used data on cognitive biases from two previous studies  We found no sex differences in cognitive biases in patients / healthy controls  Larger sample sizes are needed to exclude sex differences of a small effect size

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Accepted Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Investigation of sex differences in delusion-associated cognitive biases

Vos

Leanza

Mackintosh

et al. 2019

Psychiatry Research

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“…Moreover, the difference between means of beads requested by cases and controls in our study was smaller than reported in a meta-analysis on 55 studies (1.1 vs. 1.4 to 1.7) 1 . Nonetheless, future research is warranted to explore more specific cognitive mediation, such as working memory and executive functions 7,22,28 , between JTC and psychosis using more trials of the Beads Task. The inclusion of more trials in future studies would permit a more detailed interrogation of the task 44,50 .…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, there is a considerable amount of literature suggesting a link between JTC and cognitive functions. Cross-sectional studies on both recent onset psychosis and schizophrenia suggest that patients who present with neuropsychological deficits, especially involving executive functions, display more tendency to jump to conclusions 7,22 . Those findings appear to be corroborated by the study of Lunt et al 23 where JTC bias was found to be more prominent in individuals with prefrontal lesions, especially in the left side of cortex, compared with controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jumping To Conclusions, General Intelligence, And Psychosis Liability: Findings From The Multi-Centre EU-GEI Case-Control Study

Tripoli

Quattrone

Ferraro³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AbstractBackgroundThe “jumping to conclusions” (JTC) bias is associated with both psychosis and general cognition but their relationship is unclear. In this study, we set out to clarify the relationship between the JTC bias, IQ, psychosis and polygenic liability to schizophrenia and IQ.Methods817 FEP patients and 1294 population-based controls completed assessments of general intelligence (IQ), and JTC (assessed by the number of beads drawn on the probabilistic reasoning “beads” task) and provided blood or saliva samples from which we extracted DNA and computed polygenic risk scores for IQ and schizophrenia.ResultsThe estimated proportion of the total effect of case/control differences on JTC mediated by IQ was 79%. Schizophrenia Polygenic Risk Score (SZ PRS) was non-significantly associated with a higher number of beads drawn (B= 0.47, 95% CI −0.21 to 1.16, p=0.17); whereas IQ PRS (B=0.51, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.76, p<0.001) significantly predicted the number of beads drawn, and was thus associated with reduced JTC bias. The JTC was more strongly associated with higher level of psychotic-like experiences (PLE) in controls, including after controlling for IQ (B= −1.7, 95% CI −2.8 to −0.5, p=0.006), but did not relate to delusions in patients.Conclusionsthe JTC reasoning bias in psychosis is not a specific cognitive deficit but is rather a manifestation or consequence, of general cognitive impairment. Whereas, in the general population, the JTC bias is related to psychotic-like experiences, independent of IQ. The work has potential to inform interventions targeting cognitive biases in early psychosis.

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Males and females with first episode psychosis present distinct profiles of social cognition and metacognition

Ferrer-Quintero

Fernández

Lorente-Rovira

et al. 2022

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Deficits in social cognition and metacognition impact the course of psychosis. Sex differences in social cognition and metacognition could explain heterogeneity in psychosis. 174 (58 females) patients with first-episode psychosis completed a clinical, neuropsychological, social cognitive, and metacognitive assessment. Subsequent latent profile analysis split by sex yielded two clusters common to both sexes (a Homogeneous group, 53% and 79.3%, and an Indecisive group, 18.3% and 8.6% of males and females, respectively), a specific male profile characterized by presenting jumping to conclusions (28.7%) and a specific female profile characterized by cognitive biases (12.1%). Males and females in the homogeneous profile seem to have a more benign course of illness. Males with jumping to conclusions had more clinical symptoms and more neuropsychological deficits. Females with cognitive biases were younger and had lower self-esteem. These results suggest that males and females may benefit from specific targeted treatment and highlights the need to consider sex when planning interventions.

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Neuropsychological functioning and jumping to conclusions in recent onset psychosis patients

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Investigation of sex differences in delusion-associated cognitive biases

Investigation of sex differences in delusion-associated cognitive biases

Jumping To Conclusions, General Intelligence, And Psychosis Liability: Findings From The Multi-Centre EU-GEI Case-Control Study

Males and females with first episode psychosis present distinct profiles of social cognition and metacognition

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