Jumping To Conclusions, General Intelligence, And Psychosis Liability: Findings From The Multi-Centre EU-GEI Case-Control Study

Tripoli, Giada; Quattrone, Diego; Ferraro, Laura; Gayer‐Anderson, Charlotte; Rodríguez, Victoria; Cascia, Caterina La; Barbera, Daniele La; Sartorio, Crocettarachele; Tarricone, Ilaria; Berardi, Domenico; Szöke, Andreı̈; Arango, Celso; Tortelli, Andrea; Llorca, Pierre‐Michel; Haan, Lieuwe de; Velthorst, Eva; Bobes, Julio; Bernardo, Miguel; Sanjuán, Julio; Santos, José Luís; Arrojo, Manuel; Del-Ben, Cristina Marta; Menezes, Paulo Rossi; Selten, Jean‐Paul; Jones, Peter B.; Richards, Alex; O’Donovan, Michael; Rutten, Bart P. F.; Os, Jim van; Morgan, Craig; Sham, Pak C.; Murray, Robin M.; Murray, Graham; Forti, Marta Di

doi:10.1101/634352

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our results suggest that at least one of these questions can plausibly be answered in the affirmative, consistent with previous findings about the role of cognitive style 12 , or what the PDI is measuring 49 , or the role of a general cognitive-ability pathway even in clinical patients 50 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Delusion-Like Beliefs and Data Quality: Are Classic Cognitive Biases Artefacts of Carelessness?

Sulik¹,

Rm²,

Balzan³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

According to continuum models of psychosis, cognitive biases contribute to delusional ideation in the general population. In a large (N = 1002) pre-registered general population study, we examine key specific predictions of such models; in particular, the hypotheses that delusional ideation in the general population is predicted by the Jumping to Conclusions bias (JTC), Over-adjustment, the Bias Against Disconfirm-ing Evidence (BADE), and the Liberal Acceptance bias (LA). Crucially, we include explicit indices of data quality, and incorporate a new, animated Beads Task which overcomes known problems with this instrument. Our results initially appear to replicate several classic findings concerning the relationships between delusional ideation and the aforementioned cognitive biases: Delusional ideation predicted JTC, overadjustment, and BADE. Importantly, however, we demonstrate that many of these classic findings are either severely diminished — or disappear entirely — when inattentive participants are removed from the analyses. These findings highlight crucial issues that need to be addressed to rigorously test continuum models of psychosis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Delusion-Like Beliefs and Data Quality: Are Classic Cognitive Biases Artefacts of Carelessness?

Sulik¹,

Rm²,

Balzan³

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Here, a study found that participants displaying delusional psychopathology reach their conclusion on the basis of less evidence than control participants (Henquet 2020). Other recent research suggests that the JTC reasoning bias in psychosis might not be a specific cognitive deficit but rather a manifestation, or consequence, of general cognitive impairment (Tripoli 2020). This notion of patients with a delusional thought process having other more widespread abnormalities in information processing and decisionmaking is important because a patient's cognitive deficits may be more pervasive than their delusion (s).…”

Section: Cognitive Process-based Modelsmentioning

confidence: 53%

Innovations in the psychopathology of schizophrenia: a primer for busy clinicians

Wilson

Humpston

Nathan³

2021

BJPsych advances

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Significant developments in schizophrenia psychopathology are ready to be incorporated into clinical practice. These advances allow a way forward through the well-described challenges experienced with current diagnostic and psychopathological frameworks. This article discusses approaches that will enable clinicians to access a wider and richer spectrum of patient experience; describes process-based models of schizophrenia in the domains of both the brain and the mind; and considers how different levels of analysis might be linked via the predictive processing framework. Multiple levels of analysis provide different targets for varying modalities of treatment – dopamine blockade at the molecular level, psychological therapy at the level of the mind, and social interventions at the personal level. Psychiatry needs to align itself closer to neuroscientific research. It should move from a symptom-based understanding to a model based on process. That is – after having asked about a patient's symptoms and experience clinicians need to introduce steps involving a consideration of what might be the brain and mind processes underlying the experience.

show abstract

“…The effect of subjective difficulty on task performance is hard to predict. Some studies point to the possibility that low intelligence and neurocognitive deficits foster hasty decision-making (Takeda et al, 2018;Tripoli et al, 2019), especially in more difficult tasks (Gaweda et al, 2017), while other research from the field of memory suggests that difficult tasks may lead to more cautious responses in patients; the lowered confidence found here speaks for the latter (Moritz et al, 2015a). In this case, the high ambiguity (i.e., the sequence did not clearly favor one color) may have persuaded controls to decide prematurely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Prolonged rather than hasty decision-making in schizophrenia using the box task. Must we rethink the jumping to conclusions account of paranoia?

Moritz

Scheunemann

Lüdtke

et al. 2020

Schizophrenia Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Jumping to conclusions (JTC) is the best established cognitive bias in schizophrenia and is increasingly targeted in interventions aimed to improve positive symptoms. To address shortcomings of the standard measure to capture JTC, the beads task, we developed a new variant-the box task-which was subsequently validated in people with elevated psychotic-like experiences. For the first time, the box task was administered in a sample of individuals with manifest schizophrenia. We hypothesized that patients with schizophrenia would display an elevated JTC bias relative to controls. Method: We recruited a large sample of 101 patients with schizophrenia and matched them to an online sample recruited from the general population. In the box task, participants must decide which of two kinds of colored balls are presented more often. Participants are told that the task may end prematurely, and that task performance will be counted as an error if no decision had been made before that point. The primary measure was the number of draws to decision (DTD), where fewer DTD corresponds to greater JTC. Results: In contrast to expectations, participants with schizophrenia showed significantly higher DTD (i.e., reduced JTC). Consistent with our previous findings, patients also displayed a lowered decision threshold compared to controls. Response confidence for the final decision was lower in patients and correlated with self-esteem and positive symptoms. While there was evidence that previous knowledge of the box task lowered DTD, exclusion of participants with experience on the box task did not substantially change results. Discussion: The study fits a growing body of experiments casting doubt on the generalizability of the JTC effect in schizophrenia across different tasks. While the study tentatively supports a liberal acceptance account of psychosis, caution is warranted and we recommend that research should explore and control for potentially important mediators (e.g., task difficulty, stress, test-taking attitudes).

show abstract

Jumping To Conclusions, General Intelligence, And Psychosis Liability: Findings From The Multi-Centre EU-GEI Case-Control Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 61 publications

Delusion-Like Beliefs and Data Quality: Are Classic Cognitive Biases Artefacts of Carelessness?

Delusion-Like Beliefs and Data Quality: Are Classic Cognitive Biases Artefacts of Carelessness?

Innovations in the psychopathology of schizophrenia: a primer for busy clinicians

Prolonged rather than hasty decision-making in schizophrenia using the box task. Must we rethink the jumping to conclusions account of paranoia?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About