Neuropsychological Deficits in Adult ADHD: Evidence for Differential Attentional Impairments, Deficient Executive Functions, and High Self-Reported Functional Impairments

Salomone, Simona; Fleming, Grainne R.; Bramham, Jessica; O’Connell, Redmond G; Robertson, Ian H.

doi:10.1177/1087054715623045

Cited by 37 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Overall, the results of the case assessments showed impairments in cognitive functioning domains mainly related to attention, executive function (inhibitory control and phonemic fluency), and memory, and a predominance of slow reaction times in CPT. Although these cognitive findings do not characterize ADHD by themselves, they are consistent with previous literature (Hervey et al, 2004; Seidman, 2006; Kofler et al, 2013; Faraone et al, 2015; Mostert et al, 2015; Salomone et al, 2016; Weyandt et al, 2017), except for both participants’ performance in the working memory domain, which was average. This inconsistency with the literature may reflect possible variations (individual differences) that are found within a larger sample since ADHD in older adults was recently found to be associated with lower cognitive functioning in working memory (Semeijn et al, 2015; Thorell et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Although studies show an age-dependent decline in ADHD symptoms (Michielsen et al, 2012; Das et al, 2014), the persistence of symptoms might also lead to significant impairment in older age with a cumulative impact (Kooij et al, 2016; Srinivasan et al, 2016). Moreover, multiple domains of neurocognitive impairment such as executive function, attention, memory, and language are common in children (Sjöwall et al, 2013, 2015; Martino et al, 2017; Salari et al, 2017; Fabio et al, 2018; Shephard et al, 2018; Sjöwall and Thorell, 2019), adolescents (Fried et al, 2016; Steward et al, 2017; Weyandt et al, 2017), and young adults with ADHD (Faraone et al, 2015; Mostert et al, 2015; Antshel et al, 2016; Salomone et al, 2016). Recent studies suggest that some of these impairments may persist in older adults (Fuermaier et al, 2013; Thorell et al, 2017; Coelho et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal Neuropsychological Assessment in Two Elderly Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Case Report

et al. 2019

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The neuropsychological deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may present clinical features similar to mild and/or major neurocognitive disorder and may act as a confounding factor, making it difficult to detect cognitive decline. In this paper, we present the results of longitudinal neuropsychological evaluations in two elderly women with ADHD. Three neuropsychological assessments were performed in two women with ADHD (60 and 77 years old) between 2010 and 2013 at intervals varying from 12 to 15 months. We used structural magnetic resonance imaging to rule out significant abnormalities that could account for cognitive impairment. The results showed two different cognitive profiles with fluctuations in performance over these 2 years, sometimes with improvement and sometimes with decline of some functions such as attention, memory, inhibitory control, and reaction time. To minimize confounding aspects of these fluctuations in clinical practice, we used a longer follow-up with the application of a reliable change index and a minimum of three spaced assessments to provide a more consistent baseline cognitive profile. Our findings did not indicate a consistent cognitive decline, suggesting a less pessimistic perspective about cognitive impairments that could be a prodrome of ADHD-related dementia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Neuropsychological Assessment in Two Elderly Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Case Report

et al. 2019

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“…We also recognize that we used very broadly defined neuropsychological domains to capture the heterogeneous, comprehensive performance of ADHD. Previous research has suggested more specific performance characteristics in ADHD, for example, verbal long-term memory (Schoechlin & Engel, 2005), memory acquisition processes (Skodzik et al, 2017), and divided and sustained attention (Salomone, Fleming, Bramham, O’Connell, & Robertson, 2016). Therefore, our results may be indicative of the domains we chose and different results could have been obtained by evaluating subdomains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Performance Patterns of Adult ADHD Subtypes

2018

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“…Prior studies show that many psychological disorders and illnesses, such as spina bifida, cerebral palsy, schizophrenia, dyslexia, attention deficit with hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, as well as others, are accompanied by deficits in EF, which hinder their adaptation to the environment anales de psicología / annals of psychology, 2020, vol. 36, nº 1 (january) (Iampietro, Giovannetti, Drabick, & Kessler, 2012;Moura, Simões, & Pereira, 2015;Piovesana, Ross, Whittingham, Ware, & Boyd, 2015;Salomone, Fleming, Bramham, O'Connell, & Robertson, 2016;Zabel et al, 2011).. In addition, deficits in EF are observed in some populations with social difficulties, such as children from disadvantaged families (Devicienti & Poggi, 2011;Dickerson & Popli, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential analysis of executive functions in children from disadvantaged families vs. children with autistic spectrum disorder

Gómez-Pérez

Calero

2019

AN PSICOL-SPAIN

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Título: Análisis diferencial de las funciones ejecutivas en niños pertenecientes a familias desfavorecidas vs. niños con trastorno del espectro autista. Resumen: Las Funciones Ejecutivas (FE) se consideran necesarias para afrontar nuevas situaciones y para controlar la propia conducta. Diversos estudios han confirmado que poblaciones tan diferentes como niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) y niños de familias desfavorecidas (FD) muestran dificultades en las FE. Este estudio pretende examinar las dificultades en FE en esas dos poblaciones con respecto a las FE en niños que muestran un desarrollo típico (DT). Un total de 89 niños de edades comprendidas entre los 7 y 12 años, divididos en tres grupos, participaron en el estudio: 28 con TEA, 36 de FD y 25 con DT. La evaluación se realizó con diferentes medidas de FE (memoria de trabajo, flexibilidad cognitiva, inhibición, planificación y autorregulación) y coherencia central. Los resultados muestran que, en general, los niños de FD obtuvieron las menores puntuaciones en todas las medidas, aunque las diferencias no fueron significativas en todos los casos. Los niños con TEA obtuvieron puntuaciones similares al grupo DT en planificación y memoria de trabajo, y mayores puntuaciones en coherencia central. Además, cuando se les compara con los niños de FD, los niños con TEA obtuvieron una ejecución mayor en todas las medidas. Estos resultados indican que existen diferencias entre grupos y, por tanto, que los programas de intervención diseñados para cada uno de ellos deben centrarse en diferentes tipos de tareas.Abstract: Executive Functions (EF) are considered necessary for dealing with new situations and for controlling one's behavior. Studies have confirmed EF difficulties in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and in children from disadvantaged families (DF). This study aimed to examine EF difficulties in the two populations -ASD and DF children-with respect to EF in children who show typical development (TD). A total of 89 children between the ages of 7 and 12 years participated, divided into three groups: 28 with ASD, 36 from DF and 25 with TD. Assessments were made with different measures of EF (working memory, cognitive flexibility, inhibition, planning and self-regulation) and central coherence. In general, the children from DF obtained the lowest scores in all measures, although differences were not significant with respect to the other groups in all cases. Children with ASD obtained similar scores to the TD group in executive attention and working memory, and higher scores in central coherence. In comparison to the children from DF, the ASD children did better on all measures. These results would indicate that intervention programs designed for the two groups must be focus on different kind of tasks.

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Neuropsychological Deficits in Adult ADHD: Evidence for Differential Attentional Impairments, Deficient Executive Functions, and High Self-Reported Functional Impairments

Abstract: This pattern of results suggests differential impairments of attentional skills. Impaired executive functions and higher subjective functional impairments were also found.

Cited by 37 publications

References 50 publications

Longitudinal Neuropsychological Assessment in Two Elderly Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Case Report

Longitudinal Neuropsychological Assessment in Two Elderly Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Case Report

Neuropsychological Performance Patterns of Adult ADHD Subtypes

Differential analysis of executive functions in children from disadvantaged families vs. children with autistic spectrum disorder

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