Neuropsychological deficits in abstinent cocaine abusers: preliminary findings after two weeks of abstinence

Berry, James H.; Gorp, Wilfred G. van; Herzberg, David S.; Hinkin, Charles H.; Boone, Kyle Brauer; Steinman, Lynne; Wilkins, Jeffery N.

doi:10.1016/0376-8716(93)90087-7

Cited by 139 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For example, set shifting, a core executive function, is impaired when tested 2-4 weeks after last drug use in CUD (Ardila et al, 1991;Berry et al, 1993); this impairment is not evident at shorter abstinence periods (within 72 h of last drug use) (Berry et al, 1993). Since screening urine for drugs of abuse is common in clinical practice (eg, to assess adherence to treatment goals), we examined whether NP performance in CUD differs as a function of this objectively measured index of abstinence.…”

Section: Drug Urine Status As a Measure Of Abstinence/ Withdrawal Symmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuropsychology of Cocaine Addiction: Recent Cocaine Use Masks Impairment

Woicik

Moeller

Alia‐Klein

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

174

134

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Individuals with current cocaine use disorders (CUD) form a heterogeneous group, making sensitive neuropsychological (NP) comparisons with healthy individuals difficult. The current study examined the effects on NP functioning of four factors that commonly vary among CUD: urine status for cocaine (positive vs negative on study day), cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and dysphoria. Sixty-four cocaine abusers were matched to healthy comparison subjects on gender and race; the groups also did not differ in measures of general intellectual functioning. All subjects were administered an extensive NP battery measuring attention, executive function, memory, facial and emotion recognition, and motor function. Compared with healthy control subjects, CUD exhibited performance deficits on tasks of attention, executive function, and verbal memory (within one standard deviation of controls). Although CUD with positive urine status, who had higher frequency and more recent cocaine use, reported greater symptoms of dysphoria, these cognitive deficits were most pronounced in the CUD with negative urine status. Cigarette smoking, frequency of alcohol consumption, and dysphoria did not alter these results. The current findings replicate a previously reported statistically significant, but relatively mild NP impairment in CUD as compared with matched healthy control individuals and further suggest that frequent/recent cocaine may mask underlying cognitive (but not mood) disturbances. These results call for development of pharmacological agents targeted to enhance cognition, without negatively impacting mood in individuals addicted to cocaine.

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Section: Drug Urine Status As a Measure Of Abstinence/ Withdrawal Symmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuropsychology of Cocaine Addiction: Recent Cocaine Use Masks Impairment

Woicik

Moeller

Alia‐Klein

et al. 2008

Neuropsychopharmacol

174

134

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“…Physiologic studies have shown decreased metabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex (Volkow et al, 1988) and increased cerebrovascular resistance in the arteries that supply the PFC (Herning et al, 1999). Some reports of neuropsychological testing in cocaine using subjects have identified decreased performance on tests that require the support of prefrontal structures (Ardila et al, 1991;Berry et al, 1993;Beatty et al, 1995;van Gorp et al, 1999;Di Sclafani et al, 2002). A relationship between the amount of cocaine consumed and neuropsychological deficits in attention, planning, mental flexibility, executive function, and psychomotor function have been reported (Bolla et al, 1998(Bolla et al, , 1999(Bolla et al, , 2000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance on the Stroop Predicts Treatment Compliance in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals

Streeter

Terhune

Whitfield

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

169

128

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Treatment dropout is a problem of great prevalence and stands as an obstacle to recovery in cocaine-dependent (CD) individuals. Treatment attrition in CD individuals may result from impairments in cognitive control, which can be reliably measured by the Stroop color-word interference task. The present analyses contrasted baseline performance on the color-naming, word-reading, and interference subtests of the Stroop task in CD subjects who completed a cocaine treatment trial (completers: N ¼ 50) and those who dropped out of the trial before completion (non-completers: N ¼ 24). A logistic regression analysis was used to predict trial completion using three models with the following variables: the Stroop task subscale scores (Stroop model); the Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) scores (HDRS model); and both the Stroop task subscale scores and HDRS scores (Stroop and HDRS model). Each model was able to significantly predict group membership (completers vs non-completers) better than a model based on a simple constant (HDRS model p ¼ 0.02, Stroop model p ¼ 0.006, and Stroop and HDRS model p ¼ 0.003). Models using the Stroop preformed better than the HDRS model. These findings suggest that the Stroop task can be used to identify cocaine-dependent subjects at risk for treatment dropout. The Stroop task is a widely available, reliable, and valid instrument that can be easily employed to identify and tailor interventions of at risk individuals in the hope of improving treatment compliance.

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“…Some studies (such as Berry et al, 1993, Strickland et al, 1993 suggest that cocaine use is associated with sustained attention deficits. However, a review by Horner (1999) indicates that there is insufficient evidence of impaired sustained attention deficits among cocaine abusers.…”

Section: Sustained Attention and Cocaine Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Attentional deficits in cocaine-dependent patients: Converging behavioral and electrophysiological evidence

Gooding

Burroughs

Boutros

2008

Psychiatry Research

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Although there are several reports of patients with cocaine dependence displaying cognitive deficits, the nature of their information processing deficits is not well characterized. In the present study, the attentional performance of cocaine-dependent patients (n = 14) was examined and compared with that of healthy control individuals (n = 15). Attention was assessed using an auditory oddball eventrelated task as well as the Continuous Performance Test (CPT; Identical Pairs version). The cocainedependent group displayed P300 amplitude reduction compared to controls. The group difference in P300 response latency did not reach significance. On the CPT, the cocaine-dependent patients displayed significantly poorer discriminability and greater errors of commission than the controls. There was a positive correlation between performance on the oddball event-related task and performance on the CPT. This investigation provides converging behavioral and electrophysiological evidence of attentional deficits in cocaine-dependent patients.

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Neuropsychological deficits in abstinent cocaine abusers: preliminary findings after two weeks of abstinence

Cited by 139 publications

References 9 publications

The Neuropsychology of Cocaine Addiction: Recent Cocaine Use Masks Impairment

The Neuropsychology of Cocaine Addiction: Recent Cocaine Use Masks Impairment

Performance on the Stroop Predicts Treatment Compliance in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals

Attentional deficits in cocaine-dependent patients: Converging behavioral and electrophysiological evidence

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