Neuropsychological and oculomotor correlates of spatial working memory performance in schizophrenia patients and controls

Snitz, Beth E.; Curtis, Clayton E.; Zald, David H.; Katsanis, Joanna; Iacono, William G.

doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(98)00178-9

Cited by 55 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The relationship between VSWM and oculomotor functions has been investigated in a number of studies (18)(19)(20)(21). In spite of incongruent results, recent findings argue that basic anomalies in smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) are insufficient by themselves to explain VSWM deficits in patients with schizophrenia (18,42).…”

Section: Cocchi Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuospatial encoding deficits and compensatory strategies in schizophrenia revealed by eye movement analysis during a working memory task

Cocchi

Bosisio

Berchtold

et al. 2009

Acta Neuropsychiatr.

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encoding deficits and compensatory strategies in schizophrenia revealed by eye movement analysis during a working memory task.Objective: To investigate scanpath abnormalities during the encoding of static stimuli in schizophrenia and their interaction with visuospatial working memory (VSWM) dysfunction. Methods: Outpatients with schizophrenia and control subjects were asked to encode a static pattern for subsequent recognition after a short delay. We measured the number of correct and incorrect choices. We also assessed the number and the distribution of fixations, the scanning time in specific regions of interest (ROIs) and the head movements during the encoding of the stimuli. The distributions of fixations and scanning time in definite ROIs during the discrimination of the correct pattern from the foils were also measured. Results: Patients recognised fewer correct patterns than controls. Correct trials in patients were characterised by a specific exploration of the central part of the stimulus during its presentation, whereas this feature was absent in incorrect trials. However, the scanning time and the numbers of fixations and head movements during encoding were similar in both groups and unrelated to recognition accuracy. In both groups, correct trials were associated with a selective exploration of the correct pattern amongst the six possibilities during recognition. Furthermore, patients gave more attention to incorrect patterns with a leftmost element identical to that of the correct response and also those approximating its global structure. Conclusion: Patients showed a VSWM deficit independent of oculomotor dysfunctions and head movements during encoding. Patients' correct trials were related to specific scanning during encoding and discrimination phases. Analysis of these patterns suggests that patients try to compensate for reduced VSWM ability by using specific encoding strategies.

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Section: Cocchi Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuospatial encoding deficits and compensatory strategies in schizophrenia revealed by eye movement analysis during a working memory task

Cocchi

Bosisio

Berchtold

et al. 2009

Acta Neuropsychiatr.

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“…For example, patients with schizophrenia are significantly impaired on spatial delayed response tasks (Fleming et al, 1997;Minor and Park, 1999;Park and Holzman, 1992;Park et al, 1999;Snitz et al, 1999;Stratta et al, 1999), which have been regarded as a paradigmatic measure of PFCdl-dependent spatial working memory (Goldman-Rakic, 1987). This impairment appears to be a trait marker in schizophrenia (Park et al, 1995Park and McTigue, 1997), and may underlie many of the other cognitive deficits-and symptoms-in this disorder (GoldmanRakic, 1994;Goldman-Rakic and Selemon, 1997).…”

Section: Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

The dual origin hypothesis: An evolutionary brain-behavior framework for analyzing psychiatric disorders

Giaccio

2006

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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“…For instance, although an intact dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may not be essential to good smooth pursuit tracking [Gooding et al, 1999], impaired pursuit is associated with impairments on neuropsychological tasks putatively sensitive to frontal cortex functioning [e.g., Katsanis and Iacono, 1991], including tests of working memory [e.g., Park and Holzman, 1993;Snitz et al, 1999] that are both sensitive to dorsolateral prefrontal cortical functioning and performed poorly by the relatives of schizophrenia patients [Park et al, 1995;Conklin et al, in press]. Moreover, positron emission tomography has shown that schizophrenia relatives with pursuit EMD, compared to those with normal tracking and nonpsychiatric comparison subjects, fail to activate the frontal eye fields during pursuit following tasks [O'Driscoll et al, 1999].…”

Section: Prefrontal Cortex and Emdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye movement dysfunction in schizophrenia: A heritable characteristic for enhancing phenotype definition

Calkins

Iacono

2000

Am. J. Med. Genet.

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The occurrence of ocular motor dysfunction in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree biological relatives is remarkably consistent, suggesting that abnormal smooth pursuit and saccadic oculomotion are heritable characteristics that can be used to identify gene carriers for schizophrenia. Saccadic system dysfunction probably reflects a generalized deficit in prefrontal cortical functioning, rather than a specific deficit in saccade system functioning. Although abnormal smooth pursuit has also been associated with impaired frontal functioning, it is unclear whether these two types of dysfunction arise from the same neural pathology. Therefore, deviant smooth pursuit and saccadic oculomotion may constitute unrelated factors identifying two different types of genetic risk. Alternatively, they may derive from a single risk factor that causes (a) both types of deficits to be expressed together or (b) each type to be expressed separately as pleiotropic manifestations of the underlying genotype. Although a full complement of pursuit and saccade measures has not been examined together in family studies of schizophrenia, there is obvious value in determining how these measures relate to one another in schizophrenia families and whether they can be used in combination to enhance phenotype definition to facilitate the search for schizophrenia susceptibility genes.

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Neuropsychological and oculomotor correlates of spatial working memory performance in schizophrenia patients and controls

Cited by 55 publications

References 48 publications

Visuospatial encoding deficits and compensatory strategies in schizophrenia revealed by eye movement analysis during a working memory task

Visuospatial encoding deficits and compensatory strategies in schizophrenia revealed by eye movement analysis during a working memory task

The dual origin hypothesis: An evolutionary brain-behavior framework for analyzing psychiatric disorders

Eye movement dysfunction in schizophrenia: A heritable characteristic for enhancing phenotype definition

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