Neuroprotective role of Asiatic acid in aluminium chloride induced rat model of Alzheimer rsquo s disease

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, characterized by memory loss, cognitive impairment and personality disorders accompanied by diffuse structural abnormalities in the brain of elderly people. The current investigation explored the neuroprotective potential of asiatic acid (AA), a natural triterpene of on aluminium chloride (AlCl) induced rat model of AD. Oral administration of AlCl (100 mg/kg b.w.) for 42 days significantly elevated the levels of Al, activity of acetyl cholinesterase and expressions of amyloid precursor protein, amyloid beta, beta and gamma secretases, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1, interleukins -1β, 6, 4, 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor- k beta and cyclooxygenase-2 in the hippocampus and cortex compared to the control group. Our observations suggested that AA treatment mitigated AlCl induced AD associated pathologies, which might be due to its multiple pharmacological actions. Further studies are necessary in order to explore the link between AlCl-mediated oxidative stress and associated apoptosis to establish its neuroprotective role in AD.

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analog improves neuronal and behavioral impairment and promotes neuroprotection in a rat model of aluminum‐induced dementia

“…Regarding adrenaline, the present results go with the previous studies, which stated that AD patients have an exhibited loss of LC neuronal cells, reducing to as low as 70% in the rostral nuclei leading to reduced limbic and cortical epinephrine and norepinephrine levels (Gannon et al, 2015). Some clinics in the USA are already using adrenaline as a therapeutic option in the case of AD (Qadir et al, 2014). The use of adrenergic agonists in combination with cholinergic drugs may increase cognitive function and delays the adverse cognitive degeneracy effects associated with progressive geriatric AD (Giorgi et al, 2019).…”

“…As stated by the "World Alzheimer Report 2018" (Rusek et al, 2019), there is a new case discovered every 3 seconds, mostly in low-and middle-income nations. In the present study, AD was induced in Wistar rats by AlCl 3 at a dose of 100 mg/kg (Rather et al, 2018). This is the maximum level of aluminum allowable in occupational aluminum toxicity and dialysis encephalopathy (Justin et al, 2016).…”

“…Group 3 (AD group) AD was induced by the oral administration of a freshly prepared solution of AlCl 3 at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW for 6 weeks (Rather et al, 2018).…”

Asiatic Acid Protects Dopaminergic Neurons from Neuroinflammation by Suppressing Mitochondrial ROS Production

“…AA derivatives have been shown to counteract glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in nerve cells (Lee et al ., 2000), while asiaticoside derivatives can antagonize β-amyloid-induced nerve damage (Jew et al ., 2010; Mook-Jung et al ., 2015). Furthermore, AA shows neuroprotective effects against aluminum-induced neuronal toxicity in vivo and in vitro (Ahmad et al ., 2018a, 2018b). Xiong has shown that rotenone or H 2 O 2 can reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of SH-SY5Y DA cells.…”

Inflammation and Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications by Natural Products

“…Another study reported the efficacy of an essential oil Z-ligustilide (Z-LIG) extracted from umbelliferous plants, which showed reduced levels of intracellular ROS and regulated the apoptosis in A β -induced toxicity in PC12 cells [ 98 ]. Moreover, it manifested promising results in protecting against neurotoxicity via the activation of PI3K/Akt and the regulation of the p38 MAPK pathway in differentiated PC12 and SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells [ 98 , 99 ].…”