Neuroprotective Effects of Rutin and Quercetin Flavonoids in Glaucium corniculatum Methanol and Water Extracts

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by loss of neurons. NDs are associated with development of inflammation. Existing drugs against NDs only delay the progression; however, they do not provide a cure. The studies for the treatment of NDs focused on to discover natural products that have the potential of anti-inhibition and anti-radical properties. The Papaveraceae family members are important for the synthesis of pharmaceutically compounds such as flavonoids which act like anti-inflammatory drugs. In this study, methanol and water extracts of Glaucium corniculatum, a member of the Papaveraceae family, were analysed for flavonoid compounds. The effects of extracts on neuronal PC12 cells viability was determined. The anti-inflammatory effects of extracts were assessed by measuring the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stimulated PC12 cells. As a result of our studies, Rutin and Quercetin flavonoids have been found to be as major. The amount of Rutin was higher in methanol (45 μg/ml) than water (41 μg/ml). Quercetin was better extracted with methanol (12 μg/ml) than water (10 μg/ml). None of the tested extracts were cytotoxic even to PC12 cells. Both extracts showed an anti-inflammatory effect in a dose dependent manner. The water extract showed the maximum anti-inflammatory effect, with IL-6 secretion decreased 79 fold according to the H2O2 treated group and IL-10 secretion increased to 87 fold according to the control group. This study is an evidence that the Rutin and Quercetin flavonoids detected in G. corniculatum methanol and water extracts have a neuroprotective effect through anti-inflammation.

The Relationship Between Neuroprotective Activity and Antigenotoxic and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Effects of Glaucium corniculatum Extracts

“…The fact that these extracts of G. corniculatum did not cause genotoxic damage in DNA and had high inhibitory ability against DNA damage induced by H 2 O 2 emphasized their neuroprotective properties. In the results we obtained previously, we also showed that G. corniculatum methanol and water extracts have neuroprotective effects due to their anti-inflammatory properties (Kocanci, Hamamcioglu, Aslim, 2017b). Neuroprotective effects have also been demonstrated in members of the same genus: It has been shown that the methanolic extract of G. grandiflorum has DNA protection activity against the destructive effects of hydroxyl radicals (Ozsoy et al, 2018).…”

“…We have previously reported that 12 and 24 h of extract incubation does not exert cytotoxicity to dPC12 cells with IC50 values of 1150±8-1650±5 µg/mL (Kocanci, Hamamcioglu, Aslim, 2017b). Therefore, in the present study, 100-1000 µg/mL extract concentrations were tested for 24 h on the dPC12 cell line.…”

“…In a previous study, we found that G. corniculatum methanol extract contained rutin (45 µg/mL) and quercetin (12 µg/mL), while the water extract contained rutin (41 µg/mL), quercetin (10 µg/mL) and luteolin (0.23 µg/ mL) flavonoids (Kocanci, Hamamcioglu, Aslim, 2017b). The rutin and quercetin flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in fruits and vegetables.…”

Antioxidant Therapies for Neuroprotection—A Review

“…The results showed that the administration of this extract could improve behavioral performances through the suppression of reactive astrogliosis and α-synuclein overexpression and aggregation [138]. The anti-neuroinflammatory effects of flavonoids have also been studied, proving the potential of tiliroside, a natural dietary glycosidic flavonoid, to increase the protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1, indicating an activation of the Nrf2 protective mechanisms in the microglia [139], and the potential of rutin and quercetin isolated from Glaucium corniculatum extracts to inhibit the secretion of IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines in H 2 O 2 -stimulated PC12 cells [140]. Flavonoids have also proved to play fundamental roles in the therapy of ischemic stroke.…”

A review on the chemistry and biological properties of Rutin, a promising nutraceutical agent

“…Methanol and water extracts of above-ground tissues of Glaucium corniculatum significantly inhibited pro-inflammatory IL-6 secretion and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 secretion in a dose-dependent manner in neuronal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Rutin and quercetin flavonoids found to be as major constituents in the extract may be involved in its neuroprotective effect (Koçanci et al, 2017).…”