A review on the chemistry and biological properties of Rutin, a promising nutraceutical agent

Abstract

Nature is an attractive source of new therapeutic agents and a variety of phytochemicals have proved to be very valuable in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Many of the important drugs isolated from plants during the past 50 years have revolutionized modern medicinal practice (Dar et al., 2017). The use of herbal medicines and phytonutrients or nutraceuticals continues to expand rapidly across the world with many people now resorting to these products for the treatment of various health challenges in different national healthcare settings (WHO, 2004). It is estimated that up to 80% of the world's population living in the developing countries rely on herbal medicinal products as a primary source of healthcare and traditional medical practice as an integral part of the culture in their communities (Ekor, 2013). The medicinal compounds derived from various plants could be divided into three major biochemical classes: alkaloids (vinblastine, vincristine, pilocarpine, berberine, caffeine, piperine etc.), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, chrysin, naringenin, genistein, rutin etc.) and terpenoids (artemisinin, taxol, digitoxin, azadarachtin, camphor, limonene etc.) (Takshak, 2018). These compounds have also gained importance in the area of nutraceuticals, which have positive health effects and may prove to be advantageous in the treatment of diseases like cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes (Crozier et

Molecular interaction and cellular studies on combination photodynamic therapy with rutoside for melanoma A375 cancer cells: an in vitro study

“…Rutoside, also known as quercetin-3-rutosideoside, and sophorin; is a flavonol glycoside compound mainly found in buckwheat [ 46 , 47 ]. Rutoside has been the subject of special anti-cancer effects [ 40 ].…”

Biopharmacotechnical and physical properties of solid pharmaceutical forms containing rutin commercially acquired in Juiz de Fora city, Brazil

“…The formation of its structure occurs from a glycosidic bond at position 3 of the central pyran ring of a disaccharid e (rhamnose + glucose) (Magar & Sohng, 2019). This flavonoid has been used to treat pathologies related to capillary fragility by preventing bleeding (Prasad & Prasad, 2019;Ganeshpurkar & Saluja, 2017). The compound with conspicuous antioxidant effects reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, diabetes, inflammatory and thrombotic processes, and inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis ( Choy et al, 2019;Ganeshpurkar & Saluja, 2017;Habtemariam & Lentini, 2015;Prasad & Prasad, 2019).…”

“…This flavonoid has been used to treat pathologies related to capillary fragility by preventing bleeding (Prasad & Prasad, 2019;Ganeshpurkar & Saluja, 2017). The compound with conspicuous antioxidant effects reduces low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, diabetes, inflammatory and thrombotic processes, and inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis ( Choy et al, 2019;Ganeshpurkar & Saluja, 2017;Habtemariam & Lentini, 2015;Prasad & Prasad, 2019). In addition, rutin decreases the levels of hepatic cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and enzymes (Hsu, Wu, Huang , & Yen, 2009;Acquaviva et al, 2009) and protects oxidizing of enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, which protect from cataract development (Isai, Sakthivel, Ramesh, Thomas, & Geraldine, 2009).…”

“…In addition, rutin decreases the levels of hepatic cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and enzymes (Hsu, Wu, Huang , & Yen, 2009;Acquaviva et al, 2009) and protects oxidizing of enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, which protect from cataract development (Isai, Sakthivel, Ramesh, Thomas, & Geraldine, 2009). The antioxidant effect of rutin makes it a suitable candidate to treat loss of spatial memory accompanied by damage to pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus (Prasad & Prasad, 2019). Moreover, this compound is active against septic arthritis caused by Candida albicans and inhibits the production of nitric oxide from the proliferation of macrophages and T cells ( Ganeshpurkar & Saluja, 2017).…”

“…Moreover, this compound is active against septic arthritis caused by Candida albicans and inhibits the production of nitric oxide from the proliferation of macrophages and T cells ( Ganeshpurkar & Saluja, 2017). It has a relaxing effect on the gastric muscle and exerts its anti-asthmatic effect by inhibiting histamine production and leukocyte recruitment, mainly neutrophils and eosinophils in the lungs (Prasad & Prasad, 2019). Because of the low solubility of rutin in the aqueous media and in the human body, the lyophilized nanocrystalline tablet form shows 100% dissolution after 30 min, whereas the microcrystalline form and the commercialized tablets show 71% and only 55% dissolution after 30 min (Mauludin, Muller, & Keck, 2009).…”