Neuroprotective Effects of Anthraquinones from Rhubarb in Central Nervous System Diseases

Li, Xun; Chu, Shifeng; Liu, Yinjiao; Chen, Nai‐Hong

doi:10.1155/2019/3790728

Cited by 36 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Aloe‐emodin is a natural anthraquinone derivative, which is the active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), such as Cassia occidentalis , Polygonum multiflorum Thunb and Rheum palmatum L. [ 18‐20 ] Growing evidence showed that aloe‐emodin has many pharmacological effects, including anti‐inflammatory, [ 21 ] anticancer, [ 22 ] antibacterial [ 23 ] and neuroprotective [ 16 ] activities. Aloe‐emodin can significantly improve cognitive deficits in amnesia animal model induced by scopolamine, increase the activities of SOD, GPx activities and ACh content, and decrease the level of MDA and AChE activity in vivo .…”

Section: Quinones and Its Role In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have found that anthraquinone derivatives from Rhubarb, including aloe‐emodin, chrysophanol, emodin, danthron, physcion and rhein, and play therapeutic roles in AD, cerebral ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, depression and others. [ 16,17 ] Quinones are the source of therapeutic substances from many Chinese medicines and have obvious effect on prevention and treatment of AD, which help in developing potent and safe drugs targeting NLRP3. In short, inhibiting the NLRP3 activity can be an attractive strategy for the treatment of AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quinones as preventive agents in Alzheimer’s diseases: focus on NLRP3 inflammasomes

Chen

Gao

Peng

et al. 2020

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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Objectives Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a hidden neurological degenerative disease, which main clinical manifestations are cognitive dysfunction, memory impairment and mental disorders. Neuroinflammation is considered as a basic response of the central nervous system. NLRP3 (Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) and pyrin domain containing receptor 3) inflammasome is closely related to the occurrence of neuroinflammation. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in the release of cytokines, pore formation and ultimately pyroptosis, which has demonstrated one of the critical roles in AD pathogenesis. Inhibition of the activity of NLRP3 is one of the focuses of the research. Therefore, NLRP3 represents an attractive pharmacological target, and discovery compounds with good NLRP3 inhibitory activity are particularly important. Key findings Quinones have good neuroprotective effects and prevent AD, which may be related to their regulation of inflammatory response. The molecular docking was used to explore 12 quinones with AD prevention and treatment and NLRP3. Docking results showed that the combination of anthraquinones and NLRP3 were the best, and the top two chemical compounds were Purpurin and Rhein, which are the most promising NLRP3 inhibitors. Summary These quinones may provide the theoretical basis for finding lead compounds for novel neuroprotective agents. Quinones as NLRP3 inflammasomes inhibitors Da-bao Chen et al.

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Section: Quinones and Its Role In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quinones as preventive agents in Alzheimer’s diseases: focus on NLRP3 inflammasomes

Chen

Gao

Peng

et al. 2020

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

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“…The well-understood mechanisms of Emodin include its inhibition of different components of MAPK pathways and the inhibition of cell survival through inhibition of NF-κB family proteins. Moreover, its regulation of p38 MAPK, degradation of proteosomes, and inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway may also play a role in its neuroprotective activity [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Effects of Emodin against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Activating ERK-1/2 Signaling Pathway

Leung

Lai

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide and places a heavy burden on the economy in our society. Current treatments, such as the use of thrombolytic agents, are often limited by a narrow therapeutic time window. However, the regeneration of the brain after damage is still active days, even weeks, after stroke occurs, which might provide a second window for treatment. Emodin, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb widely used to treat acute hepatitis, has been reported to possess antioxidative capabilities and protective effects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the underlying mechanisms and neuroprotective functions of Emodin in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke remain unknown. This study investigates neuroprotective effects of Emodin in ischemia both in vitro and in vivo. Methods: PC12 cells were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation to simulate hypoxic injury, and the involved signaling pathways and results of Emodin treatment were evaluated. The therapeutic effects of Emodin in ischemia animals were further investigated. Results: Emodin reduced infarct volume and cell death following focal cerebral ischemia injury. Emodin treatment restored PC12 cell viability and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and glutamate release under conditions of ischemia/hypoxia. Emodin increased Bcl-2 and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-l) expression but suppressed activated-caspase 3 levels through activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 signaling pathway. Conclusion: Emodin induced Bcl-2 and GLT-1 expression to inhibit neuronal apoptosis and ROS generation while reducing glutamate toxicity via the ERK-1/2 signaling pathway. Furthermore, Emodin alleviated nerve cell injury following ischemia/reperfusion in a rat MCAO model. Emodin has neuroprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury both in vitro and in vivo, which may be through activating the ERK-1/2 signaling pathway.

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“…Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted human venereal disease that is most often detected in women and that does not appear to decrease with age, reaching a maximum rate in 48-to 51-year old women [25]. Tritrichomonas foetus protozoa strains cause the related sexually transmitted disease bovine trichomoniasis in cattle and pigs [26,27], and intestinal Interest in anthraquinones arises from the fact that they are reported to have multiple potential health benefits in cells and in vivo, including antibiotic [1,4,7,8], anticancer [2,[9][10][11], antidiabetic [4], antifungal [12], anti-inflammatory [13], anti-obesity [14], antioxidative [13,15], antiprotozoal [16][17][18], antiviral [19], cardioprotective [20], hepatoprotective [21], and neuroprotective [22] properties. Emodin and aloe-emodin are already widely used as stimulant laxatives sold in pharmacies to treat constipation [6,23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interest in anthraquinones arises from the fact that they are reported to have multiple potential health benefits in cells and in vivo, including antibiotic [ 1 , 4 , 7 , 8 ], anticancer [ 2 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], antidiabetic [ 4 ], antifungal [ 12 ], anti-inflammatory [ 13 ], anti-obesity [ 14 ], antioxidative [ 13 , 15 ], antiprotozoal [ 16 , 17 , 18 ], antiviral [ 19 ], cardioprotective [ 20 ], hepatoprotective [ 21 ], and neuroprotective [ 22 ] properties. Emodin and aloe-emodin are already widely used as stimulant laxatives sold in pharmacies to treat constipation [ 6 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inhibitory Activity of Anthraquinones against Pathogenic Protozoa, Bacteria, and Fungi and the Relationship to Structure

Friedman

Lee

et al. 2020

Molecules

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Plant-derived anthraquinones were evaluated in cell assays for their inhibitory activities against the parasitic protozoa Trichomonas vaginalis human strain G3 that causes the sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis in women, Tritrichomonas foetus bovine strain D1 that causes sexually transmitted diseases in farm animals (bulls, cows, and pigs), Tritrichomonas foetus-like strain C1 that causes diarrhea in domestic animals (cats and dogs), and bacteria and fungi. The anthraquinones assessed for their inhibitory activity were anthraquinone, aloe-emodin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxymethylanthraquinone), anthrarufin (1,5-dihydroxyanthraquinone), chrysazin (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone), emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone), purpurin (1,2,4-trihydroxyanthraquinone), and rhein (1,8-dihydroxy-3-carboxyanthraquinone). Their activities were determined in terms of IC50 values, defined as the concentration that inhibits 50% of the cells under the test conditions and calculated from linear dose response plots for the parasitic protozoa, and zone of inhibition for bacteria and fungi, respectively. The results show that the different substituents on the anthraquinone ring seem to influence the relative potency. Analysis of the structure–activity relationships in protozoa indicates that the aloe-emodin and chrysazin with the highest biological activities merit further study for their potential to help treat the diseases in women and domestic and farm animals. Emodin also exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The suggested mechanism of action and the additional reported beneficial biological properties of anthraquinones suggest that they have the potential to ameliorate a broad spectrum of human diseases.

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Neuroprotective Effects of Anthraquinones from Rhubarb in Central Nervous System Diseases

Cited by 36 publications

References 78 publications

Quinones as preventive agents in Alzheimer’s diseases: focus on NLRP3 inflammasomes

Quinones as preventive agents in Alzheimer’s diseases: focus on NLRP3 inflammasomes

Neuroprotective Effects of Emodin against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Activating ERK-1/2 Signaling Pathway

The Inhibitory Activity of Anthraquinones against Pathogenic Protozoa, Bacteria, and Fungi and the Relationship to Structure

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