Neuroprotective effects of 20(<scp>S</scp>)‐protopanaxatriol (<scp>PPT</scp>) on scopolamine‐induced cognitive deficits in mice

Lü, Cong; Lv, Jingwei; Dong, Liming; Jiang, Ning; Wang, Yan; Wang, Qiong; Li, Yinghui; Chen, Shanguang; Fan, Bin; Wang, Fengzhong; Liu, Xinmin

doi:10.1002/ptr.6044

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The Western blotting method was performed with slight modification according to our published procedure [ 25 ]. The hippocampus was homogenized on ice in CellLytic™ MT mammalian tissue lysis reagent (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, C3228) containing protease inhibitor cocktail and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, P3840).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mice

Lü

Wang

et al. 2018

Nutrients

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In the recent years, interest in soybean as a neuroprotective nutrient in the management of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has increased and soy isoflavones (SI), as kinds of soybean phytochemicals, are thought to be biologically active components that confer this beneficial effect against neurodegenerative diseases. However, the neuroprotective effect of SI is not well understood. Therefore, the present study (30 days) was conducted to investigate the neuroprotective effects of soy isoflavones (SI) on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced memory impairments in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice (aged 4 weeks) and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action. SI (40 mg/kg) administration improved the cognitive performance of SCOP-treated mice in an object location recognition task and the Morris water maze test. SI (40 mg/kg) administration significantly enhanced cholinergic system function and suppressed oxidative stress levels in the hippocampus of SCOP-treated mice. Furthermore, SI (40 mg/kg) treatment markedly upregulated the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression levels in the hippocampus. Taken together, these results demonstrated that soy isoflavones exerted a significant neuroprotective effect on cognitive dysfunctions induced by scopolamine, suggesting that soy isoflavones could be a good candidate for possible treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mice

Lü

Wang

et al. 2018

Nutrients

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“…Compound 4 is an effective compound, and earlier researches have confirmed that it had significant effects, including cardioprotective [21] and antiobesity bioactivities [22]. In recent years, neuroprotective effects of compound 4 were also reported [23,24]. However, this study was the first to evaluate its effects on NDs in an in vitro experimental model.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Neuroprotective Effects of Dammarane-Type Saponins from Panax notoginseng on Glutamate-Induced Cell Damage in PC12 Cells

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2019

Planta Med

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Dammarane-type saponins, the main active ingredients of Panax notoginseng, have substantial neuroprotective effects in different animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. However, because these compounds have different structures, the level of protection provided by individual compounds varies, and highly active compounds can be selected based on structure-activity relationships. Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter that plays an important role in synaptic response development. However, excessive extracellular glutamate levels lead to neuronal dysfunctions in the central nervous system. Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of nine saponins (compounds 1 – 9) on glutamate-treated PC12 cells in the concentration range of 0.1 – 10 µM. The MTT assay revealed that these compounds increased cell viability to 65.6, 69.8, 76.9, 91.7, 74.4, 63.3, 59.9, 64.7, and 59.9%, respectively, compared with the glutamate-treated cells (44.6%). Protopanaxatriol (compound 4) was the most neuroprotective compound, and subsequent experiments revealed that pretreatment with compound 4 significantly reverses mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, increases superoxide dismutase activity, and decreases lactate dehydrogenase leakage, malondiadehyde levels, reactive oxygen species generation, and cell apoptosis. Compound 4 also decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, N-methyl-D-aspartic receptor 1, and Ca2+-/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II expression, and inhibited glutamate-induced cytochrome C release and phosphorylation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38. Overall, the results indicate that protopanaxatriol has significant neuroprotective effects, and might be a promising neuroprotective agent for preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…and Rh2 reduced sleep deprivation-induced memory impairment (Lu et al, 2017;Lu et al, 2018a). Rh1 improved cognition in scopolamine-treated mice using object location, novel object recognition, Morris water maze, and passive avoidance tests.…”

Section: Ginsenoside Rb1mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…These properties are implicated in cognition, but both have shown direct effects on memory and learning. Rh1 and Rh2 reduced sleep deprivation‐induced memory impairment (Lu et al, ; Lu et al, ). Rh1 improved cognition in scopolamine‐treated mice using object location, novel object recognition, Morris water maze, and passive avoidance tests.…”

Section: Ginsenosides Rh1 and Rh2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in use, pharmacology, and clinical applications of emerging herbal nutraceuticals

Williamson

Liu

Izzo

2020

British J Pharmacology

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214

173

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The nutraceuticals market is vast, encompassing many different products with inconsistent levels of evidence available to support their use. This overview represents a Western perspective of the nutraceuticals market, with a brief comparison with that in China, as an illustration of how individual health supplements increase and decrease in popularity in regional terms. Recent changes in sales patterns, mainly taken from the US market, are summarized and a selection of five newer products, which have not been subject to extensive recent review are profiled: astaxanthin, a carotenoid found in red algae, seafood, salmon and trout, as an antioxidant; cannabidiol, a non‐euphoric marijuana ingredient used as mood enhancer and for painful/inflammatory conditions; modified extracts of ginseng used in new indications including dementia and space travel; monk fruit, a non‐sugar high intensity sweetener and nigella seed, a popular food ingredient and Asian medicine, which has experienced an extraordinary rise in sales recently. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc

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Neuroprotective effects of 20(S)‐protopanaxatriol (PPT) on scopolamine‐induced cognitive deficits in mice

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

Neuroprotective Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mice

Neuroprotective Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mice

Neuroprotective Effects of Dammarane-Type Saponins from Panax notoginseng on Glutamate-Induced Cell Damage in PC12 Cells

Trends in use, pharmacology, and clinical applications of emerging herbal nutraceuticals

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