Neuroprotective effect of tormentic acid against memory impairment and neuro‑inflammation in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model

Abstract

cognitive impairment and neuro-inflammatory responses are the distinctive characteristics of alzheimer's disease (ad). Tormentic acid (Ta) is one of the major active components of Potentilla chinensis and has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential effects of Ta on neuro-inflammatory responses and memory impairment in AD remain unknown. The present study investigated the therapeutic effect of Ta on neuro-inflammation, as well as learning and memory impairment in ad mice. in addition, the effects of Ta treatment were also examined in a co-culture system of microglia and primary neurons. intraperitoneal administration of Ta attenuated memory deficits in amyloid β precursor protein/presenilin 1 transgenic mice, with a marked decrease in amyloid plaque deposition. Ta also reduced microglial activation and decreased the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors in AD mice. Furthermore, pre-treatment with TA suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory markers, as well as the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (nF-κB) p65 induced by aβ exposure in BV2 cells. TA also reduced inhibited neurotoxicity and improved neuron survival in a neuron-microglia co-culture system. Taken together, these findings suggested that Ta could attenuate neuro-inflammation and memory impairment, which may be closely associated with regulation of the nF-κB pathway.

Antiinflammatory activity of natural triterpenes—An overview from 2006 to 2021

“…Different studies (Cui et al, 2020; Jiang et al, 2020) showed that tormentic acid ( 71 ), isolated from R. multiflora , Potentilla chinensis , and Ocimum gratissimum , is capable to inhibit the secretion of IFN‐γ cytokine, COX enzyme, and NO production in LPS‐induced activated macrophages. IC 5O value for compound 71 was determined as 64.7 μM.…”

Role of micronutrients in Alzheimer's disease: Review of available evidence

“…Individuals with AD typically suffer from loss of learning ability and memory, impaired judgment and reasoning[ 6 , 7 ], and loss of analytical ability[ 8 ], which can seriously affect their quality of life. This imposes a heavy economic and psychosocial burden on the affected families and the society.…”

Potentilloside A, a New Flavonol-bis-Glucuronide from the Leaves of Potentilla chinensis, Inhibits TNF-α-Induced ROS Generation and MMP-1 Secretion

“…Phytochemical studies on P. chinensis have revealed the presence of triterpenoids, flavonoids, organic acids, and phenolic compounds [ 5 , 6 ]. Triterpenoids from P. chinensis have been shown to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotection, and hepatic injury attenuating effects [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Tiliroside—a flavonoid from P. chinensis —possesses antioxidant, anti-obesity, and antidiabetic properties [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”