Neuroprotective effect of Aronia melanocarpa extract against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells

Abstract

BackgroundGlutamate (an endogenous excitatory neurotransmitter) at high concentrations contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Aronia melanocarpa (A. melanocarpa) berries contain anthocyanins and have high antioxidant activities. In this study, we evaluated whether A. melanocarpa berries could protect neuronal cells against glutamate-induced oxidative stress.Method A. melanocarpa berries exerted a protective effect against cytotoxicity in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells by MTT assay. We evaluated oxidative stress parameters including ROS level, intracellular Ca2+ level, glutathione level and antioxidant enzyme activity in HT22 cells to elucidate the mechanism of its neuroprotective effect.Results A. melanocarpa berries decreased glutamate-induced death of HT22 cells. In addition, A. melanocarpa berries reduced ROS and intracellular Ca2+ levels. Glutathione level, antioxidant enzymes, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxide activities and mitochondrial membrane potential were also increased in HT22 cells.ConclusionThese results suggested that A. melanocarpa berries protected HT22 cells by exerting an antioxidant effect.

Enhancement of Chlorophyll a Production from Marine Spirulina maxima by an Optimized Ultrasonic Extraction Process

“…These neuroprotective activities were found to be better than those of other natural resources such as Aronia melanocarpa and Codonopsis lanceolata [31,32]. First, Figure 3 demonstrates that higher amounts of chlorophyll a reflect better neuroprotective activities of the extract from optimal extraction conditions than from a conventional ethanol extraction at high temperature and with a long process time.…”

“…In particular, the extract from the optimal conditions enhanced the growth of the glutamate-induced mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line compared to that from a conventional ethanol process: 90.71 ± 2.13% vs. 73.01 ± 0.03% of the cell growth protection for the control with the addition of 100 (μg/mL) of the extracts. As shown in Figure 4, the extract from the optimal conditions also greatly reduced the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) from the glutamate-induced mouse hippocampal neuronal cells compared to the same amount of the extract from a conventional ethanol extraction because the increase of ROS production is very closely related to oxidative stress within the cells and also indicates the lowest neuroprotective activity [31,32]. These neuroprotective activities were found to be better than those of other natural resources such as Aronia melanocarpa and Codonopsis lanceolata [31,32].…”

“…As shown in Figure 4, the extract from the optimal conditions also greatly reduced the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) from the glutamate-induced mouse hippocampal neuronal cells compared to the same amount of the extract from a conventional ethanol extraction because the increase of ROS production is very closely related to oxidative stress within the cells and also indicates the lowest neuroprotective activity [31,32]. These neuroprotective activities were found to be better than those of other natural resources such as Aronia melanocarpa and Codonopsis lanceolata [31,32]. As shown in Figure 4, the extract from the optimal conditions also greatly reduced the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) from the glutamate-induced mouse hippocampal neuronal cells compared to the same amount of the extract from a conventional ethanol extraction because the increase of ROS production is very closely related to oxidative stress within the cells and also indicates the lowest neuroprotective activity [31,32].…”

Extracts of Physalis peruviana Protect Astrocytic Cells Under Oxidative Stress With Rotenone

“…A major limitation challenging the effectiveness of polyphenols for the mentioned purposes is the ability of these compounds to cross the blood-brain barrier (Subash et al, 2014 ; Queiroz et al, 2017 ). Different types of berries have been reported to exert neuroprotective effects via modulating enzymes with antioxidant activity, improving cognitive function, decreasing lipid peroxidation and ROS production and increasing SOD expression in an in vitro model of glutamate-induced toxicity as well as in vivo models of neurodegenerative diseases and senescence-accelerated rats (Kolosova et al, 2006 ; Forbes-Hernandez et al, 2016 ; Lee et al, 2017 ). For instance, addition of pomegranate antioxidant extracts to the diet of obese rats exerted antioxidant effects and reversed hyperlipidemia and cerebral oxidative stress (Amri et al, 2017 ; Oviedo-Solís et al, 2017 ).…”

Anti-oxidative effects of catechins and theaflavins on glutamate-induced HT22 cell damage

“…The physiology changes assay was done as described with modications. [38][39][40] Intracellular calcium (Ca 2+ ) concentration measurement were carried out using Fura3AM, a widely used calcium uorescent ester indicator. Aer staining, cells were washed with buffer containing 20 mM HEPES pH 7.0 and 150 mM NaCl.…”