Neuroprotective Effect of Antioxidants and Moderate Hypoxia as Combined Preconditioning in Cerebral Ischemia

Abstract

We studied combined effect of moderate hypoxia and compounds pQ-4, pQ-915, pQ-1032, and pQ-1104 on neurological deficit and survival of rats after bilateral ligation of common carotid arteries. Preconditioning including moderate hypoxia and treatment with compound pQ-4 produced a neuroprotective effect and increased animal survival during the early (by 51%) and late (by 33.5%) periods of modeled ischemia and reduced neurological deficit (by 50% and 41%, respectively). Moreover, this combination of preconditioning factors prevented postischemic excessive activation of free radical oxidation in brain hemispheres and blood serum.

Comparison of hepatoprotective effect from ischemia-reperfusion injury of remote ischemic preconditioning of the liver vs local ischemic preconditioning of the liver during human liver resections

“…Local ischemic preconditioning (LIPC) is a process during which a short period of ischemia is followed by a period of reperfusion prior to the prolonged ischemia, which seems to render organs more tolerant to IR injury (9). Local ischemic preconditioning is protective for different tissues, including skeletal muscles (9), brain (10), retina (11), spinal cord (12), kidney (13), intestine (14) and liver (15). The precise mechanism by which LIPC confers hepatoprotection is not fully understood yet.…”

Activity of ROS-induced processes in the combined preconditioning with amtizol before and after cerebral ischemia in rats

“…The following values were registered: Fmax, the chemiluminescence peak amplitude induced by hydrogen peroxide, characterizing the content of the substrate ready to enter immediately into free radical reactions, i.e. the intensity of FRRs in the the test sample; and the sum of luminescence light (the area under the CL curve), showing the ratio of the intensity of ROS production and the participation of the antioxidant system in the substrate (Levchenkova et al 2016b). Lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity was assessed by the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive products (TBA-RP) in the mitochondrial fraction obtained from brain tissue by differential centrifugation, for which we used diagnostic kits for quantitative determination of TBA-RP manufactured by Agat-Med Company (Russia).…”

Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroprotection after the Intermittent Exposures of Hypercapnic Hypoxia

“…Based on data on neuroprotective mechanisms, signaling pathways can be identified, the additional stimulation of which has the potential to enhance protective effects when combined with respiratory hypercapnic-hypoxic interventions. For pharmaceuticals possessing antioxidant efficacy and exerting endothelial-protective effects may have potential for enhancing the effectiveness of hypercapnic hypoxia [184]. Effective potentiation may also be achieved through prolonging the effect of hypercapnia by carbonic anhydrase inhibition [185].…”