Neuroprotection and Physical Preconditioning: Exercise, Hypothermia, and Hyperthermia

Kochanski, Ryan B.; Dornbos, David; Ding, Yuchuan

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9695-4_5

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Trophic factors are found in large quantities in the hippocampus. So, increased levels of BDNF might have led to a decreased in the levels of in ammatory cytokines in the hippocampal region of the rat brain [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Before and After Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Inhibits Inflammation and Reduces Apoptosis in the Hippocampus in Rats

Dehqanizadeh

Mohammadi

Mohammadi³

2022

Preprint

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Background: Cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) causes severe damage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of exercise before or/and after I/R on inflammation and apoptosis in the CA1 region of hippocampus in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were assigned to six groups (sham, exercise, ischemia, exercise+ischemia, ischemia+exercise, exercise+ischemia+exercise). Rats in the exercise groups received progressive treadmill training for 8 weeks, 5 days a week prior or/and after ischemic stroke. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 45 min. Cell apoptosis were detected by TUNEL staining. Caspase-3, NF-kB and TNF-α were determined by immunohistochemistry, and motor function was evaluated by ladder test.Results: The cerebral ischemia caused neuronal loss through apoptosis in the hippocampus and reduced sensorimotor functions in lesion animals. The results of TUNEL and immunohistochemistry methods showed that rats in exercise+ischemia+exercise group had more significant decrease in the number of apoptotic cells and inhibited the expression of caspase-3, NF-κB and TNF-α compared to other groups (p < .05). Also, the results of Ladder test at the end of the eighth week showed significant improvements compared to 2 and 24 hours (p < .05). Conclusion: This study showed that performing treadmill exercise, whether as a preconditioning or following cerebral ischemic event, could promote neuronal and motor recovery. However, such a protocol imposes more significant effect if conducted both pre and early after ischemia compared to each one alone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Before and After Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Inhibits Inflammation and Reduces Apoptosis in the Hippocampus in Rats

Dehqanizadeh

Mohammadi

Mohammadi³

2022

Preprint

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“…Neurotrophins are widely found in the brain due to their essential role in the growth and differentiation of neuronal cells (26). In this regard, Chan et al demonstrated that increasing the volume of neurotrophins reduces infarction in mice with cerebral ischemia (27). Moreover, it has been stated that the expression of blood and brain neurotrophins increases in human and animal subjects following different sports activities (28,29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence suggests that physical exercise may protect neurons against ischemic injury and reperfusion and improve neurological and functional rehabilitation (10). Exercise preconditioning also creates a neuroprotective effect that can increase neuronal survival against ischemic injury (11) by increasing the level of neurotrophins and strengthening the neurovascular system (12). However, the precise effect of exercise preconditioning on cerebral ischemia is not well known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Eight-Week Aerobic Exercise before Cerebral Ischemia on the Expression of NT-3 and TrkC Genes in Male Rats

et al. 2020

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Background and objectives: Cerebral ischemia causes irreversible structural and functional damage in certain areas of the brain, especially the hippocampus. Evidence indicates that physical exercise may reduce the damages caused by cerebral ischemia. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of eight weeks of exercise preconditioning on the expression of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and tyrosine kinase receptor C (TrkC) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus after cerebral ischemicreperfusion in male rats. Methods: Twenty one male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly selected and divided into three groups (healthy control, control+ischemia and exercise+ischemia). Rats in the exercise group ran on a treadmill, five days per week for eight weeks. Ischemia was induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries for 45 minutes. In order to evaluate gene expression, real-time PCR was performed. Results: The expression of NT-3 gene was significantly higher in the exercise+ischemia and control+ischemia groups than in the healthy control group (P<0.05). Moreover, TrkC gene expression was significantly lower in the exercise+ischemia and control+ischemia groups than in the healthy control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Exercise before the induction of ischemic stroke increases NT-3 expression but does not influence TrkC expression.

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“…When the blood-brain barrier is damaged by stroke or ischemia, due to changes in the structural proteins (collagen type IV, fibronectin, and laminin), the ability to selectively differentiate the products of cerebrovascular system is impaired and vasogenic edema and changing the properties of neuronal microenvironment can ensue ( Del Zoppo, 2010 ; Del Zoppo & Mabuchi, 2003 ). Evidently, exercise preconditioning increases the thickness and integrity of the basal lamina and blood-brain barrier ( Kochanski, Dornbos, & Ding, 2012 ). Apparently, one of the factors involved is the collagen type IV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Effects of Exercise on Brain Edema and Neurological Movement Disorders Following the Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats

Shamsaei¹,

Erfani²,

Fereidoni³

et al. 2017

BCN

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Introduction:Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion causes physiological and biochemical changes in the neuronal cells that will eventually lead to cell damage. Evidence indicates that exercise reduces the ischemia and reperfusion-induced brain damages in animal models of stroke. In the present study, the effect of exercise preconditioning on brain edema and neurological movement disorders following the cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in rats was investigated.Methods:Twenty-one adult male wistar rats (weighing 260–300 g) were randomly divided into three groups: sham operated, exercise plus ischemia, and ischemia group (7 rats per group). The rats in exercise group were trained to run on a treadmill 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Transient focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 60 minutes, followed by reperfusion for 23 hours. After 24 hours ischemia, movement disorders were tested by a special neurological examination. Also, cerebral edema was assessed by determining the brain water content.Results:The results showed that pre-ischemic exercise significantly reduced brain edema (P<0.05). In addition, exercise preconditioning decreased the neurological movement disorders caused by brain ischemia and reperfusion (P<0.05).Conclusion:Preconditioning by exercise had neuroprotective effects against brain ischemia and reperfusion-induced edema and movement disorders. Thus, it could be considered as a useful strategy for prevention of ischemic injuries, especially in people at risk.

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Neuroprotection and Physical Preconditioning: Exercise, Hypothermia, and Hyperthermia

Cited by 4 publications

References 141 publications

Exercise Before and After Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Inhibits Inflammation and Reduces Apoptosis in the Hippocampus in Rats

Exercise Before and After Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Inhibits Inflammation and Reduces Apoptosis in the Hippocampus in Rats

The Effect of Eight-Week Aerobic Exercise before Cerebral Ischemia on the Expression of NT-3 and TrkC Genes in Male Rats

Neuroprotective Effects of Exercise on Brain Edema and Neurological Movement Disorders Following the Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats

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Neuroprotection and Physical Preconditioning: Exercise, Hypothermia, and Hyperthermia

Cited by 4 publications

References 141 publications

Exercise Before and After­ Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Inhibits Inflammation and Reduces Apoptosis in the Hippocampus in Rats

Exercise Before and After­ Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Inhibits Inflammation and Reduces Apoptosis in the Hippocampus in Rats

The Effect of Eight-Week Aerobic Exercise before Cerebral Ischemia on the Expression of NT-3 and TrkC Genes in Male Rats

Neuroprotective Effects of Exercise on Brain Edema and Neurological Movement Disorders Following the Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats

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Exercise Before and After Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Inhibits Inflammation and Reduces Apoptosis in the Hippocampus in Rats

Exercise Before and After Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Inhibits Inflammation and Reduces Apoptosis in the Hippocampus in Rats