Neuronal swelling and chromatolysis as influenced by the state of cell development

LaVelle, Arthur; LaVelle, Faith W.

doi:10.1002/aja.1001020204

Cited by 73 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the present investigation we found the area of the cytoplasmic compartment increased by 23 %. The mean areas obtained here (415 gm 2 and 510 ~tm 2) are comparable with those found by Lavelle (1958) (448 gm 2 and 549 gmZ). Interestingly, there is a significant difference in the increase of maximal and minimal diameters, which could be due to protrusion of basophilic material into the axonal hillock, as described by Cammermeyer (1963b).…”

Section: Cellular and Cytoplasmic Changessupporting

confidence: 78%

“…A considerable number of studies have shown an enlarged profile area of retrogradely reacting perikarya in a variety of animals with differences ranging from more than 100% (Brattgard et al 1957) to 23% (Lavelle 1958) and 17% (Torvik and Skjoerten 1971). (All quoted studies on nuclei of cranial nerves were performed about 1 week after peripheral nerve injury).…”

Section: Cellular and Cytoplasmic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative analysis of the retrograde reaction of motoneurons with an image analyser

1990

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The neuronal profiles of cell bodies in the facial nerve nucleus of adult rats were measured after partial peripheral nerve transsection. An image analyser was used for automatic recognition and morphometry. Based on classification of the neuronal profiles described in a previous paper, a morphometrical study was performed in order to analyse structural aspects of the retrograde reaction in quantitative terms. Beside the quantification of classical features of retrograde reaction (chromatolysis; nuclear eccentricity; increased basophilia; perikaryal, nuclear and nucleolar swelling), several reactive changes so far not recognized (karyoplasmic basophilia and granulation) were detected. These changes were interpreted as morphological correlates of regeneration in retrogradely reacting cells.

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Section: Cellular and Cytoplasmic Changessupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Cellular and Cytoplasmic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative analysis of the retrograde reaction of motoneurons with an image analyser

1990

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“…Transection of hamster facial nerve on P7, however, is said to result in a loss of 60% of the motoneurons (LaVelle and LaVelle, 1958). By P10, transection in all three species results in losses of 20% to 40%, and axotomy at P24 leads to only a 5% reduction in motoneuron number (LaVelle and LaVelle, 1958).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Differential regulation of motor neuron survival and choline acetyltransferase expression following axotomy

1995

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Although it is well known that motor neuron survival following axotomy is enhanced with maturation, the ability of surviving neurons to express the cholinergic enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) following axotomy has not ben closely examined. Moreover, the utility of the facial nucleus in studies of motoneuron response to injury and to trophic factors, coupled with the increasing importance of the mouse in gene targeting, compelled us to investigate the age dependence of neuronal survival and ChAT expression in the mouse facial nucleus following axotomy. We cut the facial nerve at postnatal day (P) 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 or in the adult and used Nissl staining and ChAT immunocytochemistry to quantitate survival and ChAT expression, respectively, following 1, 2, or 3 weeks' survival at each age. We confirm in this model that the rate and extent of motor neuron death following axotomy is reduced with increasing maturity. The surviving neurons maintain a high ChAT content through P21; however, axotomy from P28 through adulthood results in a striking reduction in ChAT immunoreactivity. That is, although axotomy at P21 results in 61% motor neuron survival, with virtually all of the surviving neurons being ChAT positive, axotomy in the adult results in 72% survival but only 9% of the neurons are ChAT positive. Thus, surviving motor neurons in the adult animals are only weakly cholinergic. These results indicate that a change in the regulation of ChAT expression occurs following P21 so that cell survival and enzyme levels are uncoupled. We suggest that the putative factor or factors that enhances motor neuron survival in maturity is not capable of maintaining ChAT expression.

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“…However, 8-and 10-day-old rats exhibited a pronounced axon reaction with central chromatolysis, while adult animals showed barely discernible changes. In hamsters, on the other hand, the degree of chromatolysis increased continu ously up to the adult level [La Velle and La Velle, 1958b;La Velle and Sechrist, 1970], Since the studies on hamsters were made after transection of the nerve, similar lesions were also made in a small number of rats, but the reaction followed the same pattern as after crush lesions. Thus, there are quite marked species variations in the age-related changes of the axon reaction.…”

Section: Transection O F the Facial Nervementioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the Axon Reaction in Animals of Different Ages

Søreide¹

1981

Cells Tissues Organs

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The retrograde nerve cell reaction was studied after crush lesion of the facial nerve in rats of different ages. Neuronal survival increased from 10% in newborn rats to 100% in adults. In 8- or 10-day-old animals axotomy caused central chromatolysis, nuclear eccentricity, folding of the nuclear membrane, and development of nuclear caps. Similar lesions in adult rats caused only minimal changes. The findings differ from those previously reported in hamsters [La Velle and La Velle, 1958a, b, 1959], where chromatolysis was most severe in adult animals. However, the neuronal survival followed the same age-related pattern in rats and hamsters. Thus, there are marked species differences in the chromatolytic response after axotomy, but these differences do not affect neuronal survival. It is concluded that chromatolysis is not a decisive factor for neuronal recovery after axon injury in young animals.

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Neuronal swelling and chromatolysis as influenced by the state of cell development

Cited by 73 publications

References 25 publications

Quantitative analysis of the retrograde reaction of motoneurons with an image analyser

Quantitative analysis of the retrograde reaction of motoneurons with an image analyser

Differential regulation of motor neuron survival and choline acetyltransferase expression following axotomy

Variations in the Axon Reaction in Animals of Different Ages

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