Variations in the Axon Reaction in Animals of Different Ages

Søreide, Arvid J.

doi:10.1159/000145411

Cells Tissues Organs

1981

DOI: 10.1159/000145411

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Variations in the Axon Reaction in Animals of Different Ages

Arvid J. Søreide¹

Abstract: The retrograde nerve cell reaction was studied after crush lesion of the facial nerve in rats of different ages. Neuronal survival increased from 10% in newborn rats to 100% in adults. In 8- or 10-day-old animals axotomy caused central chromatolysis, nuclear eccentricity, folding of the nuclear membrane, and development of nuclear caps. Similar lesions in adult rats caused only minimal changes. The findings differ from those previously reported in hamsters [La Velle and La Velle, 1958a, b, 1959], where chromat… Show more

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Cited by 22 publications

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Long‐term consequences of impaired regeneration on facial motoneurons in the C57BL/Ola mouse

Chen

Bisby

1993

J of Comparative Neurology

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Peripheral nerves of the C57BL/Ola mouse mutant undergo markedly slowed Wallerian degeneration following injury. This is associated with impaired regeneration of both sensory and motor axons. Following a crush lesion of the facial nerve, there was no cell loss in facial nuclei of normal (C57BL/6J) adult mice, but 40% cell loss occurred in Ola mice and the survivors increased in size during the period when functional reinnervation was established. These results are interpreted as a result, first, of prolonged deprivation of target-derived trophic factor in the slowly regenerating Ola motoneurons and second, increased peripheral field size of the survivors. Within the regenerated facial nerve, there was marked heterogeneity of myelinated fibre size in Ola mice. Some Ola axons, both proximal and distal to the lesion site, had areas over twice as great as the largest 6J axons when measured 1 year following injury. A population of small diameter fibres, not observed in 6J nerves, persisted distal to the crush site in Ola nerves, and this was associated with an increase in the total number of myelinated axons in the distal nerve: on average, each parent Ola axon retained three persistent daughter axons. The delayed Wallerian degeneration in Ola mice not only impairs immediate axon regrowth, but also results in a breakdown of the normal mechanisms which regulate axon number and size in regenerating nerve.

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Long‐term consequences of impaired regeneration on facial motoneurons in the C57BL/Ola mouse

Chen

Bisby

1993

J of Comparative Neurology

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Differential regulation of motor neuron survival and choline acetyltransferase expression following axotomy

1995

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Although it is well known that motor neuron survival following axotomy is enhanced with maturation, the ability of surviving neurons to express the cholinergic enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) following axotomy has not ben closely examined. Moreover, the utility of the facial nucleus in studies of motoneuron response to injury and to trophic factors, coupled with the increasing importance of the mouse in gene targeting, compelled us to investigate the age dependence of neuronal survival and ChAT expression in the mouse facial nucleus following axotomy. We cut the facial nerve at postnatal day (P) 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 or in the adult and used Nissl staining and ChAT immunocytochemistry to quantitate survival and ChAT expression, respectively, following 1, 2, or 3 weeks' survival at each age. We confirm in this model that the rate and extent of motor neuron death following axotomy is reduced with increasing maturity. The surviving neurons maintain a high ChAT content through P21; however, axotomy from P28 through adulthood results in a striking reduction in ChAT immunoreactivity. That is, although axotomy at P21 results in 61% motor neuron survival, with virtually all of the surviving neurons being ChAT positive, axotomy in the adult results in 72% survival but only 9% of the neurons are ChAT positive. Thus, surviving motor neurons in the adult animals are only weakly cholinergic. These results indicate that a change in the regulation of ChAT expression occurs following P21 so that cell survival and enzyme levels are uncoupled. We suggest that the putative factor or factors that enhances motor neuron survival in maturity is not capable of maintaining ChAT expression.

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Effect of chromatolysis upon the incorporation of L-4,5-(3H)-leucine into axotomized neurons

Søreide

1981

Anat Embryol

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Variations in the Axon Reaction in Animals of Different Ages

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Long‐term consequences of impaired regeneration on facial motoneurons in the C57BL/Ola mouse

Long‐term consequences of impaired regeneration on facial motoneurons in the C57BL/Ola mouse

Differential regulation of motor neuron survival and choline acetyltransferase expression following axotomy

Effect of chromatolysis upon the incorporation of L-4,5-(3H)-leucine into axotomized neurons

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