Neuronal localization of serotonin inAscaris suum

Johnson, Carl D.; Reinitz, Catharine A.; Sithigorngul, Paisarn; Stretton, A. O. W.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19960408)367:3<352::aid-cne3>3.0.co;2-4

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In Haemonchus contortus, which infects small ruminants, four 5-HT-IR neurons situated within the pharynx have been found (Rao et al, 2011). The authors suggest that the pair of brightly stained neurons, located posteriorly to the nerve ring, is homologous to the neurosecretory motor neurons (NSM) in C. elegans (Albertson & Thompson, 1976) and Ascaris suum (Johnson et al, 1996). However, in H. contortus these cell bodies are located posterior to the nerve ring, whereas in C. elegans they are situated anterior to the nerve ring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…In H. contortus, the NSM cell bodies are located in the anterior mid region of the pharynx (Rao et al 2011). In A. suum, the same cells have been shown to be located at the very posterior end of the pharynx (Johnson et al 1996). We suggest that the pair of large 5-HT-IR neurons in the head region of T. pseudospiralis is homologous to the NSM in A. suum and H. contortus (Johnson et al, 1996;Rao et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In A. suum, the same cells have been shown to be located at the very posterior end of the pharynx (Johnson et al 1996). We suggest that the pair of large 5-HT-IR neurons in the head region of T. pseudospiralis is homologous to the NSM in A. suum and H. contortus (Johnson et al, 1996;Rao et al, 2011). In H.contortus, the two neurons, located anterior to the NSM, are supposed to be amphidal neurons (Rao et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Brownlee et al (1995) 5-HT has an effect on the pharyngeal musculature of the parasitic ne-matode Ascaris suum. The presence of 5-HT in the neurons of the pharynx and the tail area of the ventral nerve cord of male A. suum has been described by Martin and Donahue (1989), Johnson et al (1996) and Fellowes et al (1999Fellowes et al ( , 2000. According to Rao et al (2011), 5-HT occurs in the nervous system of the highly pathogenic nematode of small ruminants, Haemonchus contortus, where it was localized in the amphidal and pharyngeal neurons of adult female and male worms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serotonin in Trichinella pseudospiralis: An immunocytochemical study

et al. 2016

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SummaryThis is the fi rst report on the presence and localization of the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) in the nervous system of the nematode Trichinella pseudospiralis, the causative agent of trichinellosis. The orientation of the 5-HT-immunoreactive (5-HT-IR) nerve cells in the adult worm is described. In the anterior region of the worm 5-HT-IR occurs in 7 neurons. Longitudinal nerve cords extend posteriorly from the anterior end. They are connected by transverse commissures. The vulval area is intensively supplied with 5-HT-IR nerve cells and fi bres forming a plexus. Two rows of small 5HT-IR structures, hypodermal glands, are visible along the whole nematode body. Because of the conserved structural features among nematodes the 5-HT-IR neurons observed are likely to have counterparts in the model worm, Caenorhabditis elegans. Some basic differences are evident and demand further study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serotonin in Trichinella pseudospiralis: An immunocytochemical study

et al. 2016

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“…However, it is also possible that 5-HT circulating in the pseudocoelomic fluid excites MCs as a neurohormone (Komuniecki et al 2004). To support this possibility 5-HT is present in the perienteric fluid of the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum at around 1 lM (Johnson et al 1996). Octopamine-containing neurones have not yet been identified in the pharyngeal nervous system but this amine could also act as a neurohormone and it does inhibit EPGs and muscle action potentials ).…”

Section: Pharmacology Of the Pharynx: Classical Transmitters And Neurmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy, physiology and pharmacology of Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx: a model to define gene function in a simple neural system

et al. 2006

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Invertebrate neuroscience has provided a number of very informative model systems that have been extensively utilized in order to define the neurobiological bases of animal behaviours (Sattelle and Buckingham in Invert Neurosci 6:1-3, 2006). Most eminent among these are a number of molluscs, including Aplysia californica, Lymnaea stagnalis and Helix aspersa, crustacean systems such as the crab stomatogastric ganglion and a wide-range of other arthropods. All of these have been elegantly exploited to shed light on the very important phenomenon of the molecular and cellular basis for synaptic regulation that underpins behavioural plasticity. Key to the successful use of these systems has been the ability to study well-defined, relatively simple neuronal circuits that direct and regulate a quantifiable animal behaviour. Here we describe the pharyngeal system of the nematode C. elegans and its utility as a model for defining the genetic basis of behaviour. The circuitry of the nervous system in this animal is uniquely well-defined. Furthermore, the feeding behaviour of the worm is controlled by the activity of the pharynx and this in turn is regulated in a context-dependent manner by a simple nervous system that integrates external signals, e.g. presence or absence of food, and internal signals, e.g. the nutritional status of the animal to direct an appropriate response. The genetics of C. elegans is being effectively exploited to provide novel insight into genes that function to regulate the neuronal network that controls the pharynx. Here we summarise the progress to date and highlight topics for future research. Two main themes emerge. First, although the anatomy of the pharyngeal system is very well-defined, there is a much poorer understanding of its neurochemistry. Second, it is evident that the neurochemistry is remarkably complex for such a simple circuit/behaviour. This suggests that the pharyngeal activity may be subject to exquisitely precise regulation depending on the animal's environment and status. This therefore provides a very tractable genetic model to investigate neural mechanisms for signal integration and synaptic plasticity in a well-defined neuronal network that directs a quantifiable behaviour, feeding.

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