Neuron—Glia Interrelations During 3-Acetylpyridine-Induced Degeneration and Regeneration in the Adult Lizard Brain

Font, Enrique; García‐Verdugo, José Manuel; Desfilis, Ester; Pérez-Cañellas, Mar

doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-468-9_11

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Microglial activation, shifting from a ramified to amoeboid morphology, is characteristic of many forms of brain pathology, 62,65-67 including 3-AP damage to the brains of P. hispanicus. 22 Once activated, amoeboid microglia participate in removing cellular debris. 65,66,68,69 Whether leopard gecko radial glia also participate in phagocytosis of cellular debris, as has been…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This persistent expression may represent evidence of ongoing 3‐AP mediated cell death. In P. hispanicus , pyknotic nuclei were observed up to 2 months following injury 22 . Alternatively, ongoing TUNEL staining may represent the selective elimination of excess neurons generated during the reactive response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taken together, we interpret these changes as evidence for the activation of microglia to an amoeboid state. Microglial activation, shifting from a ramified to amoeboid morphology, is characteristic of many forms of brain pathology, 62,65‐67 including 3‐AP damage to the brains of P. hispanicus 22 . Once activated, amoeboid microglia participate in removing cellular debris 65,66,68,69 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,20,21 Radial glia populations in the ventricular zone serve two roles: they undergo asymmetrical cell division, generating presumptive neurons (neuroblasts); and they have lengthy radial processes that span the parenchyma and serve as scaffolds for neuroblast migration. 22,21 Once the neuroblasts reach the cellular layer, they differentiate into mature neurons and appear to integrate into existing neural circuits. 19,21,23 In addition to the routine generation of neurons, some lizard species are also capable of replacing neurons lost or damaged following an injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic model of medial cortex neurogenesis is that new neurons are generated from radial glia, NSPCs that reside within a pseudostratified region of the ventricular zone known as the sulcus septomedialis 18,20,21 . Radial glia populations in the ventricular zone serve two roles: they undergo asymmetrical cell division, generating presumptive neurons (neuroblasts); and they have lengthy radial processes that span the parenchyma and serve as scaffolds for neuroblast migration 22,21 . Once the neuroblasts reach the cellular layer, they differentiate into mature neurons and appear to integrate into existing neural circuits 19,21,23 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spontaneous neuronal regeneration in the forebrain of the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) following neurochemical lesioning

Austin

Graham

Vickaryous

2022

Developmental Dynamics

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Background: Neurogenesis is the ability to generate new neurons from resident stem/progenitor populations. Although often understood as a homeostatic process, several species of teleost fish, salamanders, and lacertid lizards are also capable of reactive neurogenesis, spontaneously replacing lost or damaged neurons. Here, we demonstrate that reactive neurogenesis also occurs in a distantly related lizard species, Eublepharis macularius, the leopard gecko.Results: To initiate reactive neurogenesis, the antimetabolite 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) was administered. Four days following 3-AP administration there is a surge in neuronal cell death within a region of the forebrain known as the medial cortex (homolog of the mammalian hippocampal formation). Neuronal cell death is accompanied by a shift in resident microglial morphology and an increase neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation. By 30 days following 3-AP administration, the medial cortex was entirely repopulated by NeuN+ neurons. At the same time, local microglia have reverted to a resting state and cell proliferation by neural stem/progenitors has returned to levels comparable with uninjured controls.Conclusions: Together, these data provide compelling evidence of reactive neurogenesis in leopard geckos, and indicate that the ability of lizards to spontaneously replace lost or damaged forebrain neurons is more taxonomically widespread and evolutionarily conserved than previously considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Spontaneous neuronal regeneration in the forebrain of the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) following neurochemical lesioning

Austin

Graham

Vickaryous

2022

Developmental Dynamics

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3-Acetylpyridine-induced degeneration and regeneration in the adult lizard brain: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

et al. 1997

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Neurogenesis and Neuronal Regeneration in the Adult Reptilian Brain

Font¹,

Desfilis²,

et al. 2001

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Evidence accumulated over the last few decades demonstrates that all reptiles examined thus far continue to add neurons at a high rate and in many regions of the adult brain. This so-called adult neurogenesis has been described in the olfactory bulbs, rostral forebrain, all cortical areas, anterior dorsal ventricular ridge, septum, striatum, nucleus sphericus, and cerebellum. The rate of neuronal production varies greatly among these brain areas. Moreover, striking differences in the rate and distribution of adult neurogenesis have been noted among species. In addition to producing new neurons in the adult brain, lizards, and possibly other reptiles as well, are capable of regenerating large portions of their telencephalon damaged as a result of experimentally-induced injuries, thus exhibiting an enormous potential for neuronal regeneration. Adult neurogenesis and neuronal regeneration take advantage of the same mechanisms that are present during embryonic neurogenesis. New neurons are born in the ependyma lining the ventricles and migrate radially through the brain parenchyma along processes of radial glial cells. Several lines of evidence suggest that radial glial cells also act as stem cells for adult neurogenesis. Once they reach their final destination, the young neurons extend axons that reach appropriate target areas. Tangential migration of neurons alongside the ventricular ependyma has also been reported. Most of these tangentially migrating neurons seem to be destined for the olfactory bulbs and are, thus, part of a system similar to the mammalian rostral migratory stream. The proliferation and recruitment of new neurons appear to result in continuous growth of most areas showing adult neurogenesis. The functional consequences of this continuous generation and integration of new neurons into existing circuits is largely conjectural, but involvement of these phenomena in learning and memory is one likely possibility.

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Neuron—Glia Interrelations During 3-Acetylpyridine-Induced Degeneration and Regeneration in the Adult Lizard Brain

Cited by 4 publications

References 45 publications

Spontaneous neuronal regeneration in the forebrain of the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) following neurochemical lesioning

Spontaneous neuronal regeneration in the forebrain of the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) following neurochemical lesioning

3-Acetylpyridine-induced degeneration and regeneration in the adult lizard brain: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

Neurogenesis and Neuronal Regeneration in the Adult Reptilian Brain

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