Neuromuscular characteristics and muscle power as determinants of 5-km running performance

Paavolainen, L.; Nummela, Ari; Rusko, Heikki

doi:10.1097/00005768-199901000-00020

Cited by 111 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Es un hecho que los ejercicios propuestos a partir del segundo bloque de fuerza contienen ejercicios con un perfil claramente explosivo (pliométricos) donde la velocidad de desarrollo de la fuerza es siempre elevada. Estos ejercicios suelen vincularse a mejoras en el rendimiento en carreras de media y larga distancia (Paavolainen et al, 1999;Spurrs et al 2003) y, muy especialmente, en la economía de carrera de los corredores que practican estas disciplinas atléticas (Turner et al, 2003;Berryman et al, 2010). Mejoras en la rigidez músculo-tendinosa y en la capacidad reactiva de la musculatura que realiza la extensión del tobillo (tendón de Aquiles, gemelos y sóleo principalmente) pueden ser algunos de los factores que subyacen detrás de estos rendimientos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Esta forma de organizar las cargas apunta a que puede resultar más efectivo que si solo se entrena la resistencia en disciplinas de esta naturaleza (Hickson et al, 1988;Hoff et al, 2002;Spurrs et al, 2003;Støren et al, 2013). Las mejoras que provoca el entrenamiento concurrente sobre el rendimiento en carreras de resistencia han sido reportadas en diferentes trabajos (Paavolainen et al, 1999;Spurrs et al, 2003;Støren et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on middle distance races

García-Manso¹,

Arriaza-Ardiles²,

Valverde³

et al. 2017

CCD

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ResumenEl objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento concurrente (fuerza y resistencia) sobre las carreras de media distancia en sujetos jóvenes de moderado nivel de rendimiento. Se aplicó un trabajo organizado en fases de diferente orientación de fuerza, lo que se conoce como periodización por bloques. Quince universitarios sanos y físicamente activos participaron voluntariamente en el estudio. Fueron organizados aleatoriamente en dos grupos: uno que entrenaba solo resistencia (Grupo Resistencia: GR): Edad=21.3±2.3 años; Peso Corporal=66.8±1.9 kg; Estatura=172.0±2.3 cm; Grasa Corporal=10.8±1.1%) y otro (Grupo Fuerza-Resistencia: GFR): Edad=20.9±1.2 años; Peso Corporal=69.8±1.3 kg; Estatura=172.8±3.9 cm, Grasa Corporal=11.4±0.6%) al que se le añadió un protocolo de entrenamiento de fuerza de 9 semanas (2 días/semana) de duración. No se detectaron grandes diferencias en los cambios observados en ambos grupos al final de las nueve semanas. Los dos grupos mejoraron significativamente su rendimiento en las carreras de media y larga duración, la fuerza, la resistencia de fuerza y su capacidad aeróbica (VO 2 max). Los cambios fueron poco apreciables en el resto de las pruebas evaluadas (60 y 300 metros). Los mayores beneficios se encontraron en la carrera de 2000 metros. Dichas mejoras se detectaron desde el primer mesociclo de entrenamiento y fueron especialmente evidentes al final de las nueve semanas. No obstante, no se detectaron diferencias relevantes entre ambos grupos (6.5±3.7 vs. 3.7±2.1 ml/kg/min; F=0.534; 5.932; p=0.65; ES=0.434). En conclusión, podemos afirmar que en esta muestra incorporar un trabajo de fuerza no conlleva mayores beneficios que entrenar solo la carrera.Palabras clave: concurrente, periodización, evaluación, medio fondo, adaptación. AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on middle distance races in young athletes with moderate levels of performance. An organized work divided into different strength phases, also known as bloc periodization, was applied. Fifteen healthy and physically active university participants volunteered for the study. Individuals were randomly organized into two groups: resistance training group (RG: Age=21.3±2.3 years; Body Mass=66.8±1.9 kg; Height=172.0±2.3 cm; Fat Mass=10.8±1.1%) and strength training group (SG: Age=20.9±1.2 years; Body Mass=69.8±1.3 kg; Height=172.8±3.9 cm, Fat Mass=11.4±0.6%) who performed a strength protocol during 9 weeks (2 days/week). No significant differences were observed at the end of the nine weeks training. Both groups improved significantly their performance in the medium and long distance races, strength, resistance strength and their aerobic capacity (VO 2 max). Few changes were appreciable in the rest of the evaluated tests (60 and 300 meters). The greatest benefits were observed in the 2000 meters race. These improvements were detected from the first mesocycle and were especially evident at the end of the nine weeks. However, no significant diff...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on middle distance races

García-Manso¹,

Arriaza-Ardiles²,

Valverde³

et al. 2017

CCD

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“…Foi demonstrado que pode haver aumento concomitante da FP e AP durante o exercício incremental, o que possui relação com a necessidade de deslocamento mais rápido com o aumento da velocidade de teste (9,10) . Tais alterações são necessárias para a manutenção de consumo de oxigênio durante o exercício, diminuindo a demanda metabólica, uma vez que a economia de corrida relaciona-se com a otimização dos parâmetros cinemáticos (9) .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…A escolha ideal de FP e AP podem ser influenciadas por fatores como a superfície de contato e fadiga muscular (8) . Foi demonstrado que pode haver aumento concomitante da FP e AP durante o exercício incremental, o que possui relação com a necessidade de deslocamento mais rápido durante o teste, a medida que a velocidade aumenta (9,10) . Outros estudos sobre cinemática de corrida relacionam o tempo de contato com o solo (T-cont) ao longo de diferentes velocidades, verificando que quanto maior a velocidade, menor pode ser este tempo de contato (6) .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Relações cineantropométricas e fisiológicas durante exercício incremental em esteira rolante

Oliveira

Tibana

Aguiar

et al. 2010

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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RESUMOTestes incrementais em esteira rolante são muito utilizados para prescrição de treinamentos, havendo alterações fisiológicas e cinemáticas devido à natureza de incremento da intensidade do exercício. Contudo, a antropometria é um fator que não apresenta consenso na literatura. [GLI] antes do teste incremental (1,94 ± 0,4mmol/L e 94,3 ± 7mg/dL, respectivamente) foram significantemente menores que os valores encontrados após o teste incremental (9,51 ± 2,7mmol/L e 126 ± 16mg/ dL, respectivamente). Além disso, verificou-se aumento significante e gradativo da AP e FP ao longo do teste incremental. Correlações inversas e significantes (p < 0,05) foram encontradas entre a [LAC] e altura, massa corporal e o nível de treinamento dos voluntários. Conclui-se que a execução do teste incremental altera parâmetros cinemáticos (pela necessidade de deslocamento mais rápido) e fisiológicos (processo de fadiga muscular, em decorrência do aumento da velocidade). Além disso, voluntários menores e mais leves podem apresentar maiores concentrações de metabólitos.Palavras-chave: fadiga muscular, corrida, teste incremental, cinemática. ABSTRACTIncremental treadmill tests are widely used for prescription of aerobic and anaerobic training. Physiological and kinematics parameters are changed by the progressive nature of this activity. However, there is no consensus on how anthropometric characteristics may affect the incremental test performance. Therefore, the aims of this study were (1) to verify the effects of the incremental treadmill test on the blood lactate concentration ([LAC]), glucose concentration ([GLU]), step frequency (SF) and step length (SL), and (2) to correlate anthropometric data (body mass, height, %body fat) to changes in [LAC] and [GLU]. Thirteen healthy males volunteered to this study and performed an incremental running test on a treadmill (start: 8 km/h, with progressive increases [1 km/h] at each three minute until exhaustion).[LAC] and [GLU] were registered before and 3 min after the incremental test performance. SF and SL were registered for each running speed by digital images at the sagital plane. As results, we verified that [LAC] and [GLU] before the incremental test (1.94 ± 0.4 mmol/L and 94.3 ± 7 mg/dL, respectively) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than after the incremental test (9.51 ± 2.7 mmol/L and 126 ± 16. mg/dL, respectively). In addition, SF and SL presented significant increase (p < 0.05) throughout the incremental test.[LAC] presented inverse and significant correlations (p < 0.05) to height and body mass. Thus, an incremental treadmill running test affects kinematic (SF and SL) and physiological conditions (muscular fatigue, as consequence of the speed increase). Besides this, shorter and lighter subjects may present higher metabolite concentrations after this type of test.

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“…However, this still needs to be properly investigated. 27 Swanson and Caldwell 28 have suggested an important role of running economy reflecting negatively on the uphill running performance. It seems that changes above or below the optimum kinematic pattern exerts deleterious influences, increasing metabolic cost and perceived exertion in uphill running.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effect of uphill running: current scenario and future hypotheses

Filho¹,

Machado²

2018

Medical Express

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Strategies for metabolic adjustments are often considered by athletes throughout a running event. Planning for such events during training does not always include variations from level training, even though up/downhill exertion should definitely be a part of such planning. The differentiation of training stimuli, under adverse conditions of intensity and inclination, can generate differentiated benefits. However, uphill running raises expectations of deleterious effects. The imposition of different slope gradients throughout running could generate increased metabolic demands for sports performance. Thus, the present study aimed to answer questions mainly about the acute effects of uphill running, its relationship with aerobic performance, allowing us to introduce new hypotheses for future studies in the area on the subject. Gaps still need to be filled concerning the relevance of uphill running, and its determinants. Many of the points presently under scrutiny only lead to speculative explanations; for logical reasons, more studies should focus on the prescription of training at different slopes. This is the point at which specific conditioning is required, because the regulation of the effort and the energy cost resulting from the imposition of uphill running during competitive races depends heavily on previous experiences. This review will cover recently published research on the subject.

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Neuromuscular characteristics and muscle power as determinants of 5-km running performance

Cited by 111 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on middle distance races

Effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on middle distance races

Relações cineantropométricas e fisiológicas durante exercício incremental em esteira rolante

Acute effect of uphill running: current scenario and future hypotheses

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