Neuromodulation of experimental Shigella infection reduces damage to the gut mucosa

Physiology, Signaling, and Pharmacology of Galanin Peptides and Receptors: Three Decades of Emerging Diversity

“…Data on galanin levels in peripheral tissues in the early phases after bacterial infection are scarce. In the rabbit intestine, galanin levels were not altered 8 and 16 hours after experimental Shigella infection (Svensson et al, 2004).…”

RNA-seq analysis of mucosal immune responses reveals signatures of intestinal barrier disruption and pathogen entry following Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus

“…In mammals, infection with Gram-negative Helicobacter pylori leads to reduced ghrelin concentrations and may be associated with faltering growth [75]. Similarly, decreased concentrations of PYY have been reported in rabbit intestine in response to Shigella infections [76]. Future studies should build from these initial observations to study the impact of catfish enteric pathogens and potential therapeutants on neuroendocrine regulation of appetite and growth.…”

Differential expression of enteric neuroimmune‐network in invasive and acute watery diarrhoea

“…Conversely, SP‐ and VIP‐immunoreactivity during acute shigellosis remained close to the healthy control levels and increased later during early convalescence. However, an early reduction of SP and VIP as shown in experimental shigellosis 15 was not found in patients; this event is likely to be missed as biopsy specimens were obtained 3–5 days after the onset of diarrhoea. Nonetheless, these findings suggest different roles of VIP in the two diseases.…”

“…Structural damage of neurons and altered distribution of serotonin and neuropeptides, e.g SP, VIP, CGRP, somatostatin in the colonic mucosa occur in experimental colitis 8–14 . A decline in the levels of SP, VIP and peptide YY was observed within 16 h of Shigella infection in a rabbit intestinal loop model 15 . Shigellosis was reported to be a causative factor for the development of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 16,17 and the patients had increased numbers of mast cells, increased IL‐1β expression and high density of nerves in the intestinal mucosa 17 .…”