Neurological teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy

Nie, Qingmei; Su, Baohua; Wei, Jianping

doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3628

Cited by 22 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Cigarette, opiate, alcohol, and cocaine use cause fetal growth restriction directly and by decreasing maternal food intake (140,141). Even prescription medications like anticonvulsants, antineoplastic agents, and antithrombotic drugs are teratogens and can result in fetal growth restriction (142,143). Multifetal gestation and fetal malformations are also seen in association with intrauterine growth restriction.…”

Section: Current Understanding In Causes Of Iugrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Role of the Maternal Uterine Microbiome in Pregnancy: Pregnancies Pathologies and Alterated Microbiota

et al. 2020

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Understanding what happens at the time of embryo implantation has been the subject of significant research. Investigators from many differing fields including maternal fetal medicine, microbiology, genetics, reproductive endocrinology and immunology have all been studying the moment the embryo interacts with the maternal endometrium. A perfect relationship between the uterus and the embryo, mediated by a tightly controlled interaction between the embryo and the endometrium, is required for successful implantation. Any factors affecting this communication, such as altered microbiome may lead to poor reproductive outcomes. Current theories suggest that altered microbiota may trigger an inflammatory response in the endometrium that affects the success of embryo implantation, as inflammatory mediators are tightly regulated during the adhesion of the blastocyst to the epithelial endometrial wall. In this review, we will highlight the various microbiome found during the periconceptual period, the microbiomes interaction with immunological responses surrounding the time of implantation, its effect on implantation, placentation and ultimately maternal and neonatal outcomes.

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Section: Current Understanding In Causes Of Iugrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Role of the Maternal Uterine Microbiome in Pregnancy: Pregnancies Pathologies and Alterated Microbiota

et al. 2020

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“…Despite the fact that comprehensive drug safety and efficacy data are often lacking, the use of drugs in pregnancy is widespread 9 , 10 . Drugs that are used to treat acute or chronic diseases of the expecting mother could jeopardize pregnancy and the health of the unborn child 11 – 14 . In contrast, prenatal drug treatment of fetal diseases or placental complications could elicit adverse side effects in the mother 15 , 16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An advanced human in vitro co-culture model for translocation studies across the placental barrier

Aengenheister

Keevend

Muoth

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Although various drugs, environmental pollutants and nanoparticles (NP) can cross the human placental barrier and may harm the developing fetus, knowledge on predictive placental transfer rates and the underlying transport pathways is mostly lacking. Current available in vitro placental transfer models are often inappropriate for translocation studies of macromolecules or NPs and do not consider barrier function of placental endothelial cells (EC). Therefore, we developed a human placental in vitro co-culture transfer model with tight layers of trophoblasts (BeWo b30) and placental microvascular ECs (HPEC-A2) on a low-absorbing, 3 µm porous membrane. Translocation studies with four model substances and two polystyrene (PS) NPs across the individual and co-culture layers revealed that for most of these compounds, the trophoblast and the EC layer both demonstrate similar, but not additive, retention capacity. Only the paracellular marker Na-F was substantially more retained by the BeWo layer. Furthermore, simple shaking, which is often applied to mimic placental perfusion, did not alter translocation kinetics compared to static exposure. In conclusion, we developed a novel placental co-culture model, which provides predictive values for translocation of a broad variety of molecules and NPs and enables valuable mechanistic investigations on cell type-specific placental barrier function.

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“…3 AEDs are also administered to pregnant epileptic patients; however, they have negative consequences to foetus. 4 Therefore many pregnant women are exposed to the adverse effects of AEDs. As, AEDs are very important for the treatment of epilepsy, most of the women with epilepsy require AEDs to control seizures to entire period of pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have suggested that VPA holds the highest neurodevelopment teratogenic upshot. 4 There are many actions by which AEDs affect the foetal neural development. 6 Numerous research studies have proved that old generation AEDs such as valproate, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital clonazepam shows more dangerous teratogenic effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Teratogenic effects of Anti-Epileptic Drugs during Pregnancy

Bhyan¹,

Bhyan²,

Negi³

et al. 2020

IJPSRR

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Epilepsy is one of the few neurologic disorders that require a constant treatment during pregnancy. Prescription of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) to pregnant women with epilepsy requires monitoring and maintaining a balance between limiting seizures and decreasing fetal exposure to the potential teratogenic effects. AEDs are also commonly used for psychiatric disorders and migraines. The types of malformations that can result in fetuses exposed to AEDs include minor anomalies, major congenital malformations, intrauterine growth retardation, cognitive dysfunction, low IQ, microcephaly, and infant mortality. In the present review, we analysed and summarised the current understanding of neurological development in fetus that are exposed to various AEDs administered to pregnant epileptic women. Unfortunately, AED combinations were shown to yield only a relatively small gain in seizure control in patients with focal epilepsies if a potentially appropriate first drug has already failed. The logical possibility was therefore raised that combinations of AEDs with different molecular mechanisms of action might provide a better chance of seizure control than combinations of AEDs all of which possessed the same mechanism of action, for example on Na+ channels, GABA-Cl or synaptic vesicle mechanisms, AMPA receptors. However, few studies are yet available demonstrating that this expectation applies in practice.

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Neurological teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy

Cited by 22 publications

References 40 publications

Immunological Role of the Maternal Uterine Microbiome in Pregnancy: Pregnancies Pathologies and Alterated Microbiota

Immunological Role of the Maternal Uterine Microbiome in Pregnancy: Pregnancies Pathologies and Alterated Microbiota

An advanced human in vitro co-culture model for translocation studies across the placental barrier

Neurological Teratogenic effects of Anti-Epileptic Drugs during Pregnancy

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