Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis

Chan, Raymond C.K.; Xu, Ting; Heinrichs, R. Walter; Yu, Yue; Wang, Ya

doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp011

Cited by 177 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Evidence for schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder is consistent with a number of findings in patients with schizophrenia such as minor physical anomalies (Weinberg, et al 2007), neurological soft signs (Chan, et al 2009), reduced brain asymmetry (Sommer, et al 2001) and an increased rates of obstetric complications (Geddes, et al 1999). Static volumetric deficits in brain structure have been cited as supporting the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia so progressive changes are problematic to an exclusively neurodevelopmental theory.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysissupporting

confidence: 62%

Progressive Lateral Ventricular Enlargement in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Mri Studies

Kempton

Ståhl

Williams

et al. 2010

Schizophrenia Research

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Section: Sensitivity Analysissupporting

confidence: 62%

Progressive Lateral Ventricular Enlargement in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Mri Studies

Kempton

Ståhl

Williams

et al. 2010

Schizophrenia Research

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“…Findings concerning cerebellar aberration have been controversial in schizophrenia, unlike ASD (Bottmer et al, 2005). In schizophrenia, cerebellar disturbances contribute to neurological soft signs, such as observable defects in sensory integration, motor coordination, and behavioral inhibition, which are largely distinct from the core symptoms (Bottmer et al, 2005;Chan et al, 2010;Shinn, et al, 2015). Accordingly, it is unlikely that cerebellar aberration is associated with cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Social Cognitive Deficits In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Neuroinflammation during Brain Development in Social Cognitive Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia

Nakagawa¹,

Chiba²

2016

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

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Development of social cognition, a unique and high-order function, depends on brain maturation from childhood to adulthood in humans. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia have similar social cognitive deficits, although age of onset in each disorder is different. Pathogenesis of these disorders is complex and contains several features, including genetic risk factors, environmental risk factors, and sites of abnormalities in the brain. Although several hypotheses have been postulated, they seem to be insufficient to explain how brain alterations associated with symptoms in these disorders develop at distinct developmental stages. Development of ASD appears to be related to cerebellar dysfunction and subsequent thalamic hyperactivation in early childhood. By contrast, schizophrenia seems to be triggered by thalamic hyperactivation in late adolescence, whereas hippocampal aberration has been possibly initiated in childhood. One of the possible culprits is metal homeostasis disturbances that can induce dysfunction of blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Thalamic hyperactivation is thought to be induced by microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and abnormalities of intracerebral environment. Consequently, it is likely that the thalamic hyperactivation triggers dysregulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for lower brain regions related to social cognition. In this review, we summarize the brain aberration in ASD and schizophrenia and provide a possible mechanism underlying social cognitive deficits in these disorders based on their distinct ages of onset.

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“…Previous clinical and neuroimaging studies identified a higher prevalence of NSS in individuals with schizophrenia at any stage of their illness and in their first-degree relatives [2,3,4,5]. Moreover, increased NSS scores have been shown to correlate with the clinical course of the disease in general and psychopathological symptoms in particular [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Soft Signs and Brainstem Morphology in First-Episode Schizophrenia

Hirjak

Stieltjes²,

Hauser

et al. 2013

Neuropsychobiology

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Background: Minor motor and sensory deficits or neurological soft signs (NSS) have frequently been reported in patients with schizophrenia at any stage of their illness. NSS have been demonstrated to correlate with neuroanatomical abnormalities in various brain regions. Despite its important role in the integration and coordination of automatic motor actions, the brainstem has so far rather been ignored in previous neuroimaging studies on NSS in schizophrenia. Method: We investigated 21 right-handed first-episode schizophrenia patients using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging at 3 T. The severity of NSS was measured with the Heidelberg Scale. Associations between NSS and both brainstem volume and shape changes were examined. Results: Higher NSS scores were significantly associated with structural alterations in the brainstem. According to volume measurements higher NSS scores correlated with global changes of the brainstem. Using shape analyses these associations referred to regionally specific morphometric alterations predominantly in the midbrain and pons. Conclusion: The findings suggest that brainstem morphometric alterations are associated with the severity of NSS in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. They further indicate the involvement of the brainstem in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

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Neurological Soft Signs in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis

Abstract: NSS occur in a majority of the schizophrenia patient population and are largely distinct from symptomatic and cognitive features of the illness.

Cited by 177 publications

References 106 publications

Progressive Lateral Ventricular Enlargement in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Mri Studies

Progressive Lateral Ventricular Enlargement in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Mri Studies

Involvement of Neuroinflammation during Brain Development in Social Cognitive Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia

Neurological Soft Signs and Brainstem Morphology in First-Episode Schizophrenia

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