Neurological risks associated with manganese exposure from welding operations – A literature review

Flynn, Michael R.; Susi, Pam

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.12.003

Cited by 104 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Several modes of action are discussed, among others oxidative stress, subsequent DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction in specific brain regions. Manganism is associated with elevated Mn levels in certain brain areas, namely cautate-putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus (8,9).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Manganese on and Transfer across Blood-Brain and Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier in Vitro

Bornhorst

Wehe

Hüwel

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: Modes of neurotoxic action after Mn overexposure are not fully understood. Results:The blood-CSF barrier showed higher Mn sensitivity and active Mn transport properties. Conclusion:The blood-CSF barrier might be the major route for Mn into the brain. Significance: Deeper insight in the impact of Mn on and its transfer across brain barrier systems might help to prevent irreversible neurological damage.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Manganese on and Transfer across Blood-Brain and Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier in Vitro

Bornhorst

Wehe

Hüwel

et al. 2012

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Manganism principally occurs after occupational exposures such as in the case of miners, smelters, and welders (2). Manganese intoxication has also been reported after long-term parenteral nutrition (3), and after the illicit use of methcathinone, a stimulant with euphoric effects, which contains manganese (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Manganese Accumulates within Golgi Apparatus in Dopaminergic Cells as Revealed by Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Nanoimaging

Carmona¹,

Devès²,

Roudeau³

et al. 2009

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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Chronic exposure to manganese results in neurological symptoms referred to as manganism and is identified as a risk factor for Parkinson's disease. In vitro, manganese induces cell death in the dopaminergic cells, but the mechanisms of manganese cytotoxicity are still unexplained. In particular, the subcellular distribution of manganese and its interaction with other trace elements needed to be assessed. Applying synchrotron X-ray fluorescence nanoimaging, we found that manganese was located within the Golgi apparatus of PC12 dopaminergic cells at physiologic concentrations. At increasing concentrations, manganese accumulates within the Golgi apparatus until cytotoxic concentrations are reached resulting in a higher cytoplasmic content probably after the Golgi apparatus storage capacity is exceeded. Cell exposure to manganese and brefeldin A, a molecule known to specifically cause the collapse of the Golgi apparatus, results in the striking intracellular redistribution of manganese, which accumulates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. These results indicate that the Golgi apparatus plays an important role in the cellular detoxification of manganese. In addition manganese exposure induces a decrease in total iron content, which could contribute to the overall neurotoxicity.

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“…Welding is a common process used to join metals by heating them to welding temperature (1). The US Bureau of Labor Statistics estimated that in excess of 330000 US workers do welding as part of their jobs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational exposure to welding gases during three welding processes and risk assessment by SQRCA method

Zeverdegani

Mehrifar

Faraji

et al. 2017

JOHE

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Received: August 2017, Accepted: September 2017 Background: Hazardous chemical agents in the welding operation are a mixture of metal fumes and toxic gases, the inhalation of which causes adverse health effects among welders. The emission of gases in the workplace is a logical cause for concern regarding the potential development of respiratory disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the concentration values of gases discharged during arc welding and perform risk assessment through semi-quantitative chemical risk assessment (SQCRA) method. Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in an Iranian steel mill on the 3 processes of plasma arc welding (PAW), submerged arc welding (SAW), and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Direct reading instruments were used for sampling of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and ozone (O 3 ). SQCRA method was used for risk assessment of gases. Results: The concentrations of O 3 (0.356 ppm), CO (41.642 ppm), NO (6.357 ppm), and NO 2 (4.871 ppm) were found to exceed their threshold limit values (TLVs), while the concentrations of CO 2 (3879.285 ppm) were below its TLV. The maximum exposure concentration of all gases, except CO 2 , was observed in SAW. SQCRA method showed that among the gases, the highest and least risk rating was related to ozone and nitrogen monoxide, respectively. The risk rating for CO 2 , CO, and NO 2 was low, high, and very high, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, exposure values were higher than the threshold limit values-time weighted average (TLV-TWA) and the results of risk assessment showed that control engineering should be applied and the use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) should be made mandatory for welders especially in SAW, PAW, and GTAW processes.

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Neurological risks associated with manganese exposure from welding operations – A literature review

Cited by 104 publications

References 44 publications

Impact of Manganese on and Transfer across Blood-Brain and Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier in Vitro

Impact of Manganese on and Transfer across Blood-Brain and Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier in Vitro

Manganese Accumulates within Golgi Apparatus in Dopaminergic Cells as Revealed by Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Nanoimaging

Occupational exposure to welding gases during three welding processes and risk assessment by SQRCA method

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