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Air pollutants are capable to enter bloodstream through the nose, mouth, skin and the digestive tract. Hemolysis is the premature destruction of red blood cells (RBCs) membranes. This can affect metabolism of RBCs and reduce cell life. Each of these adverse effects could lead to anemia, jaundice and other pathological conditions. Hemolysis can induce by the mineral components adsorbed on the particles. The aim of this study was to evaluate hemolysis of RBCs treated by airborne PM 10 (PM with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm) in vitro. Study had two main stages including sampling and preparation of PM 10 suspension, and hemolysis test. Particle samples were collected by means of a high-volume sampler on fiberglass filters. The PM 10 was extracted through dry ultrasonic method. Blood sample was incubated by PM 10 at concentrations 50–300 μg/mL for 3 h. Hemolysis percent was assessed through measurement of Hemoglobin concentration in test samples and total blood hemoglobin (TBH) sample by the cyanmethemoglobin method. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post-hoc test were applied to compare mean values of hemolysis percent between different PM concentrations. Method used in current study is suggested for investigation of toxic effects of airborne particle matter (PM 1 , PM 2.5 and PM 10 ) on human RBCs.

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This study aimed to determine the effect of self-care training on emotional intelligence of nursing students. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on nursing students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2016. The subjects (60 students) that were collected with random sampling method were divided into experimental and control groups, and then, self-care behaviors were taught to the experimental group' students in 12 sessions by using a checklist. The subjects of control group were not taught. Emotional intelligence was measured by using Bradberry and Greaves' standard questionnaire before and after the intervention. Emotional intelligence scores of students in the experimental group showed positive and significant change between before (75.33 ± 7.23) and after (125.70 ± 7.79) of training (P < 0.001). Also t test shows a significant change in control (78.73 ± 6.54) and experimental groups (125.70 ± 7.79), after of training (P < 0.001). It is recommended that special programs be organized in order to improve the emotional intelligence of students that improve the likelihood of their success in life.