Neurological manifestations of coinfection with HIV and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1

Silva, Marcus Tulius T.; Neves, Elizabeth S.; Grinsztejn, Beatriz; Espíndola, Otávio de Melo; Schor, Doris; Araújo, Abelardo

doi:10.1097/qad.0b013e32834c4a3e

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…These patients with PSP show proviral loads significantly higher than those seen in coinfected patients but without polyneuropathy [29,79]. A cohort study of HIV-HTLV-1 coinfection from Brazil found similar results: polyneuropathy was more common in coinfected individuals than in singly infected patients [14] (Table 1).…”

Section: Type Of Studymentioning

confidence: 75%

“…There was a higher risk of neurological diseases in these individuals. Also, the use of ART neither protected its users from the development of neurological diseases nor influenced the proviral HTLV load or the patients' CD4+ lymphocyte levels [14].…”

Section: Neurological Consequences Of Coinfectionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The prevalence of coinfection by HIV-1 and HTLV-1 varies widely, depending on the group of individuals and the region of the study. It can be as high as 10.9%, in a prospective screening of 2678 individuals from an HIV-1 cohort from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil [14], or as low as 0.11% in a prospective screening of 6331 pregnant women from French Guyana [15]. The prevalence of HIV-1/HTLV-2 coinfection also varies according to the group studied and the region of origin of these individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurological Aspects of HIV-1/HTLV-1 and HIV-1/HTLV-2 Coinfection

Araújo

2020

Pathogens

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Simultaneous infection by human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) are not uncommon since they have similar means of transmission and are simultaneously endemic in many populations. Besides causing severe immune dysfunction, these viruses are neuropathogenic and can cause neurological diseases through direct and indirect mechanisms. Many pieces of evidence at present show that coinfection may alter the natural history of general and, more specifically, neurological disorders through different mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the current evidence on the influence of coinfection on the progression and outcome of neurological complications of HTLV-1/2 and HIV-1.

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Section: Type Of Studymentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Neurological Consequences Of Coinfectionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurological Aspects of HIV-1/HTLV-1 and HIV-1/HTLV-2 Coinfection

Araújo

2020

Pathogens

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“…18 ART does not appear to decrease the risk of HAM/TSP, as a study by Silva et al reported myelopathy in 12 of 47 (25.5%) co-infected patients on ART. 19 Casseb et al diagnosed HAM/TSP in six out of 38 (18%) dually infected patients and found that HTLV-1 proviral loads were significantly higher in patients with HAM/TSP compared to asymptomatic co-infected patients (p = 0.012). 20 Our study confirms a high frequency of HIV co-infection in patients with HAM/TSP in KwaZulu-Natal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of human T-cell lymphotropic virus-associated myelopathy in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in KwaZulu-Natal

Paruk¹,

Bhigjee²,

Marais³

2017

South. Afr. j. HIV med.

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Background: KwaZulu-Natal is an endemic area for HIV and human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection. The main neurological manifestation of HTLV is HTLV-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The effect of HIV co-infection in patients with HAM/TSP is not well documented.Aims: To determine the prevalence of HIV seropositivity in patients with HAM/TSP and compare the clinical, laboratory and radiological features of patients mono-infected with HTLV and those dually infected with HTLV and HIV.Methods: Adult patients referred to the Neurology Department at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, for the period 01 January 2004 to 31 December 2015 with a positive HTLV serology were identified from the National Health Laboratory Service database. A retrospective chart review was conducted to identify all patients who had a diagnosis of HAM/TSP and to record their HIV status. Clinical, laboratory and radiological data were compared for HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients.Results: A total of 52 patients with HAM/TSP were identified. HIV results were available in 44 patients of whom 23 (52%) patients were HIV co-infected. Patients who were HIV-positive had a younger age of presentation compared to HIV-negative patients (median: 31 vs 50 years, p = 0.002). HIV-positive patients had a median duration of symptoms at presentation of 12 months compared to 16 months for HIV-negative patients, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.082). The CD4 cell counts of HIV-positive patients were well preserved with a median count of 781 cells/µL.Conclusions: HIV co-infection is commonly seen in the setting of HAM/TSP in KwaZulu-Natal. An interaction between the viruses may accelerate the development of HAM/TSP, leading to a younger age of presentation. Co-infection may have treatment implications because of CD4 counts being preserved in these patients.

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“…Initially coinciding with ART-mediated T-cell reconstitution, changes in HTLV-1 clonality evolved with time, suggesting that the ART duration might constitute a risk for long-term complications such as HTLV-1-associated neurological diseases. Supporting this, recent work has shown that 12 of 47 (25.5 %) co-infected patients developed myelopathy upon ART (Silva et al, 2012). Beilke and colleagues have reported that in HIV-1/HTLV-1/2 co-infected individuals, HPVLs were not significantly different between ART-treated versus non-treated patients (Beilke et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Antiretroviral therapy promotes an inflammatory-like pattern of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) replication in human immunodeficiency virus type 1/HTLV-1 co-infected individuals

Pomier

Rabaaoui

Pouliquen

et al. 2013

Journal of General Virology

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Upon antiretroviral therapy (ART) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) co-infected individuals frequently develop neurological disorders through hitherto unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that effective anti-HIV ART increases HTLV-1 proviral load through a polyclonal integration pattern of HTLV-1 in both CD4+ and CD8 + T-cell subsets that is reminiscent of that typically associated with HTLV-1-related inflammatory conditions. These data indicate that preventing ART-triggered clonal expansion of HTLV-1-infected cells in co-infected individuals deserves investigation.

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Neurological manifestations of coinfection with HIV and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1

Cited by 23 publications

References 11 publications

Neurological Aspects of HIV-1/HTLV-1 and HIV-1/HTLV-2 Coinfection

Neurological Aspects of HIV-1/HTLV-1 and HIV-1/HTLV-2 Coinfection

A comparative study of human T-cell lymphotropic virus-associated myelopathy in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in KwaZulu-Natal

Antiretroviral therapy promotes an inflammatory-like pattern of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) replication in human immunodeficiency virus type 1/HTLV-1 co-infected individuals

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