Neurological Aspects of HIV-1/HTLV-1 and HIV-1/HTLV-2 Coinfection

Araújo, Abelardo

doi:10.3390/pathogens9040250

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Among the target populations of HTLV 1/2 infections, HIV/AIDS patients require special attention. The relationship between HTLV 1/2 and HIV coinfection seems to be species-specific: while HIV/HTLV 2 coinfection tends to have benign effects, it is possible that HIV/HTLV 1 infection accelerates the progression of AIDS, resulting in decreasing rates of survival [6]. In addition, an increase in the prevalence of neurological disorders has also been observed in HIV/HTLV 1 coinfected [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and risk factor analysis for HIV/HTLV 1/2 coinfection in Paraíba state, Brazil

Souza

Gonçales

deMorais

et al. 2021

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) 1 and 2 infections can lead to neurological diseases, mainly in HIV/HTLV 1 coinfected. Furthermore, HTLV 1 infection in HIV/AIDS patients has also been associated with AIDS progression. Despite this, HTLV 1/2 infections are not of mandatory notification in Brazil. Here, we describe the prevalence of HTLV 1/2 in HIV/AIDS patients from Paraíba state, Brazil, as well as the sociodemographic characteristics of the coinfected individuals. Methodology: Information about HIV viral load and TCD4 lymphocyte count were obtained from patients’ records. Data on the patients’ sociodemographic characteristics were obtained by interview conducted after signing the informed consent form. The serological diagnosis for HTLV 1/2 was performed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Western Blot (WB). Results: A total of 401 HIV/AIDS patients participated in the study, of whom about 1.5% (6/401) were positive for antibodies against HTLV, specifically for HTLV 1, evaluated by both ELISA and WB. No risk factors were found associated with HIV/HTLV 1/2 coinfection. Conclusions: We report a 1.5% prevalence of HTLV 1 infection in HIV/AIDS patients from Paraíba state. Although we have not identified risk factors associated with HTLV 1, we describe the most observed sociodemographic characteristics in HIV/HTLV 1 coinfection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Study population. Odds ratio; ²CI: Confidence interval; 3 χ2 test with Yates correction; 4 Fisher's exact test;5 Not reported;6 Infectious sexually transmitted disease.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and risk factor analysis for HIV/HTLV 1/2 coinfection in Paraíba state, Brazil

Souza

Gonçales

deMorais

et al. 2021

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Interactions between both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are reported among people living with HIV (PLWH), affecting clinical progressions of the disease. Moreover, HIV can alter clinical manifestations associated with HTLV-1 infection [7,8].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HTLV-1 co-infection among PLWH accelerates CD4+ T lymphocyte proliferation, and prompts higher expression of markers activation and a serious lack of naive cells, which could lead to a rapid development of AIDS [8]. According to some studies, HIV/HTLV co-infection may change the course of AIDS, including clinical and laboratory patterns.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV/HTLV-1 co-infection: a systematic review of current evidence

Shahmohamadi¹,

SeyedAlinaghi²,

Behnezhad³

et al. 2021

HIV & AIDS Review

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Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is associated with myelopathy/ tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), which is a malignancy of mature T lymphocytes. HTLV-2 pathogenesis for humans remains undefined. As they share the same transmission routes, co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HTLV-1 are often reported among the world, mainly among patients living in highly endemic areas like South America and sub-Saharan Africa. Nevertheless, many clinicians are not aware of the potential risks of co-infection with HTLV-1 when treating an HIV patient. Since both viruses infect CD4+ T lymphocytes, scientists have investigated interactions at the cellular and molecular levels, clinical associations, and related complications. Studies have shown that co-infection with HTLV-1 resulted in an increased CD4+ T lymphocyte count, which might be mistaken for immune compatibility, and lead to a delay in the establishment of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-positive patients. Some authors have observed that co-infection with HTLV-1/HIV-1 can lead to an acceleration of AIDS progression and lessening survival times. Even so, conflicting results and controversies have been reported. These conflicts highlight the requirement of further studies to provide valuable information within this area. In this systematic review, we summarize the current evidence on the co-infection with HTLV-1 among HIV-positive patients, its associated complications, and the impact on progression of AIDS.

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“…Two review articles also focus on the impacts of co-infections on the outcomes of HTLV-1 disease. Abelardo Araujo summarises eloquently the neurological sequelae of HTLV-1 or -2 with HIV-1 co-infection, where a potentially higher risk of HAM development or HAM-like myelopathy in co-infected individuals has been described [ 7 ]. However, Araujo also stresses the scarcity of recent and large-scale, longitudinal clinical studies to fully understand the pathogenesis of these co-infections.…”

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confidence: 99%