Neurological manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 – A review

Abstract

A new virus belonging to the Coronavirus (COV) family burst into the Wuhan region of China causing severe acute respiratory syndrome of high lethality. COV not only is pathogenic that mainly affects the human respiratory system but also has neuroinvasive capabilities. The transmission mechanism is person-to-person; also air propagation and other mechanisms have been described. The main entrance mechanism is through the binding of the virus' S protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme receptors, these are present in multiple systems including the nervous system. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 in systemic circulation or through the cribriform plaque of the ethmoid bone during an early or later phase of infection can lead to brain involvement. Multiple cases with general neurological manifestations have been reported worldwide, such as headache and confusion, but also more specific cases of cerebrovascular disease, encephalitis, and anosmia, among others described in this review. Specialists are encouraged, within patients with neurological manifestations, to investigate epidemiological links to establish the relationship between a neurological manifestation probably secondary to COVID-19. Diagnostic tests in patients with such manifestations are recommended to establish an association. It is recommended to conduct studies oriented to the different neurological manifestations, and also to clinicians to stay alert with them to improve both the evolution and the prognosis of the patient.

Clinical features, coagulation and inflammatory biomarkers associated with poor in-hospital outcomes in a Honduran population with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19

“…Early during the pandemic, it was thought that the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 were fever, cough, and progressive dyspnea caused by respiratory infection [ 4 ]. As the pandemic evolved, it was demonstrated that other organs and systems were affected by the virus [ [5] , [6] , [7] ]. Emerging evidence suggested that severe COVID-19 may be complicated with coagulopathy, and even severe cases may cause disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) [ 8 ].…”