Abstract:Honey is the only insect-derived natural product with therapeutic, traditional, spiritual, nutritional, cosmetic, and industrial value. In addition to having excellent nutritional value, honey is a good source of physiologically active natural compounds, such as polyphenols. Unfortunately, there are very few current research projects investigating the nootropic and neuropharmacological effects of honey, and these are still in their early stages. Raw honey possesses nootropic effects, such as memory-enhancing e… Show more
“…The honey also used as one of cosmetic ingredients in ancient Rome. Thus, honey is the only insect‐derived natural product with therapeutic, religious, nutritional, and cosmetic values (Eteraf‐Oskouei & Najafi, ; Mijanur Rahman, Gan, & Khalil, ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Honey contains about 31 different minerals, including all of the major minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium. Interestingly, honey contains a substantial amount of several essential trace elements that would partially meet the Recommended Dietary Intake for children whereas considered as a good source of potassium for adults (Mijanur Rahman et al, ).…”
The aromatic volatile organic compounds present in honey is important since they contribute toward organoleptic characteristics, identity, and quality of honey. A good number of scientific data and information from some literatures corroborate bioactivity with toxicity of volatile organic compounds present in honey. Nevertheless, systematic scientific study of honey aromatic compounds is an overlooked issue unlike investigation on other bioactive compounds of honey. Reports on comprehensive profiling of honey aromatic compound, bioactivity screening, toxicological evaluation, medicinal values for a particular disease condition as well as database development could be some of the future research scope with honey aromatic compounds. In this article, reports on aromatic compound in honey and their implications in terms of physiochemical characteristics, origin tracking, quality, physiological, and toxicological effects are compiled. It is hoped that this article exhort the scientific community to conduct more rational scientific studies on honey aromatic compounds which is not well‐explored in depth.
Practical applications
Honey containing active compounds like volatile aromatic compounds contributes to the aroma profile of honey whereas the composition and quality of honey depends appreciably with their botanical and geographical derivation. It is evident that differential properties were found in honey from different origin varying aromatic compound composition. As a result, priority can be given in making inquiries to the aromatic compound in the context of contemporary medicinal research of honey. In addition, aromatic honey possesses both the health reimbursements and unwanted toxicological effects. Although, it is reported that as a novel food honey exerts some stunning biological effects, its constituents may undergo various notorious metabolic conversion that would be life threatening.
“…The honey also used as one of cosmetic ingredients in ancient Rome. Thus, honey is the only insect‐derived natural product with therapeutic, religious, nutritional, and cosmetic values (Eteraf‐Oskouei & Najafi, ; Mijanur Rahman, Gan, & Khalil, ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Honey contains about 31 different minerals, including all of the major minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium. Interestingly, honey contains a substantial amount of several essential trace elements that would partially meet the Recommended Dietary Intake for children whereas considered as a good source of potassium for adults (Mijanur Rahman et al, ).…”
The aromatic volatile organic compounds present in honey is important since they contribute toward organoleptic characteristics, identity, and quality of honey. A good number of scientific data and information from some literatures corroborate bioactivity with toxicity of volatile organic compounds present in honey. Nevertheless, systematic scientific study of honey aromatic compounds is an overlooked issue unlike investigation on other bioactive compounds of honey. Reports on comprehensive profiling of honey aromatic compound, bioactivity screening, toxicological evaluation, medicinal values for a particular disease condition as well as database development could be some of the future research scope with honey aromatic compounds. In this article, reports on aromatic compound in honey and their implications in terms of physiochemical characteristics, origin tracking, quality, physiological, and toxicological effects are compiled. It is hoped that this article exhort the scientific community to conduct more rational scientific studies on honey aromatic compounds which is not well‐explored in depth.
Practical applications
Honey containing active compounds like volatile aromatic compounds contributes to the aroma profile of honey whereas the composition and quality of honey depends appreciably with their botanical and geographical derivation. It is evident that differential properties were found in honey from different origin varying aromatic compound composition. As a result, priority can be given in making inquiries to the aromatic compound in the context of contemporary medicinal research of honey. In addition, aromatic honey possesses both the health reimbursements and unwanted toxicological effects. Although, it is reported that as a novel food honey exerts some stunning biological effects, its constituents may undergo various notorious metabolic conversion that would be life threatening.
“…[ 38 39 ] The therapeutic and health-protective impacts of honey were previously explained by the existence of various antioxidant ingredients, such as organic acids, flavonoids (such as chrysin), phenolic acids, enzymes, and vitamins. [ 17 40 41 ]…”
Objectives:Chrysin, an active natural bioflavonoid found in honey and many plant extracts, was first known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The fact that antioxidants have several inhibitory effects against different diseases, such as cancer, led to search for food rich in antioxidants. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of chrysin on the cultured human breast cancer cells (MCF-7).Materials and Methods:Cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium and treated with different chrysin concentrations for three consecutive days. Cell viability was quantitated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The percentage of apoptotic cells was determined by flow cytometry using Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate.Results:The MTT assay showed that chrysin had an antiproliferative effect on MCF-7 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The 50% cell growth inhibition values for chrysin against MCF-7 cells were 19.5 and 9.2 μM after 48 and 72 h, respectively. Chrysin induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells as determined by flow cytometry. Chrysin inhibits the growth of the breast cancer cells by inducing cancer cell apoptosis which may, in part, explain its anticancer activity.Conclusion:This study shows that chrysin could also be considered as a promising chemotherapeutic agent and anticancer activity in treatment of the breast cancer cells in future.SUMMARY
Chrysin had an antiproliferative effect on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) cells in a dose- and time-dependent mannerChrysin induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, as determined by flow cytometryChrysin inhibits the growth of the breast cancer cells by inducing cancer cell apoptosisChrysin may have anticancer activity.
Abbreviations used: Human breast cancer cells (MCF-7), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), normal fibroblast mouse (L929).
“… 191) Several pre-clinical studies indicate that honey has antidepressant and anxiolytic properties. 192 , 193) Remarkably, honey flavonoids have been shown to show significantly inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta from microglia when they are stimulated by LPS. 194) It is no less noteworthy that honey and its constituents appear to have a beneficial influence on intestinal microbiota.…”
Section: Simple Food Single Nutrient Highlights Complexitymentioning
Relationships between gastrointestinal viscera and human emotions have been documented by virtually all medical traditions known to date. The focus on this relationship has waxed and waned through the centuries, with noted surges in interest driven by cultural forces. Here we explore some of this history and the emerging trends in experimental and clinical research. In particular, we pay specific attention to how the hygiene hypothesis and emerging research on traditional dietary patterns has helped re-ignite interest in the use of microbes to support mental health. At present, the application of microbes and their structural parts as a means to positively influence mental health is an area filled with promise. However, there are many limitations within this new paradigm shift in neuropsychiatry. Impediments that could block translation of encouraging experimental studies include environmental forces that work toward dysbiosis, perhaps none more important than westernized dietary patterns. On the other hand, it is likely that specific dietary choices may amplify the value of future microbial-based therapeutics. Pre-clinical and clinical research involving microbiota and allergic disorders has predated recent work in psychiatry, an early start that provides valuable lessons. The microbiome is intimately connected to diet, nutrition, and other lifestyle variables; microbial-based psychopharmacology will need to consider this contextual application, otherwise the ceiling of clinical expectations will likely need to be lowered.
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