Neurological complications

Law, Meng

doi:10.1102/1470-7330.2009.9030

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Clinically important complications include acute ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, mass effect, hydrocephalus, infection, and spinal cord compression. 55 MR imaging is the recognized technique of choice for identifying and directing the treatment of these complications. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for progression-free survival within a low-grade glioma group with low and high rCBV (Ͻ1.75 and Ͼ1.75, respectively; solid lines) demonstrating a significant difference in time to progression in low-grade gliomas stratified by rCBV alone (P Ͻ .0001).…”

Section: Identification Of Tumor Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR Imaging of Neoplastic Central Nervous System Lesions: Review and Recommendations for Current Practice

Essig¹,

Anzalone²,

Combs³

et al. 2011

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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SUMMARY: MR imaging is the preferred technique for the diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of patients with neoplastic CNS lesions. Conventional MR imaging, with gadolinium-based contrast enhancement, is increasingly combined with advanced, functional MR imaging techniques to offer morphologic, metabolic, and physiologic information. This article provides updated recommendations to neuroradiologists, neuro-oncologists, neurosurgeons, and radiation oncologists on the practical applications of MR imaging of neoplastic CNS lesions in adults, with particular focus on gliomas, based on a review of the clinical trial evidence and personal experiences shared at a recent international meeting of experts in neuroradiology, neuro-oncology, neurosurgery, and radio-oncology.ABBREVIATIONS: ADC ϭ apparent diffusion coefficient; CBV ϭ cerebral blood volume; CNS ϭ central nervous system; DCE ϭ dynamic contrast-enhanced; DSC ϭ dynamic susceptibility contrast; DTI ϭ diffusion tensor imaging; DWI ϭ diffusion-weighted imaging; FLAIR ϭ fluid-attenuated inversion recovery; FSE ϭ fast spin-echo; GFR ϭ glomerular filtration rate; GRE ϭ gradient recalled-echo; K trans ϭ volume transfer coefficient; MRS ϭ MR spectroscopy; PET ϭ positronemission tomography; PWI ϭ perfusion-weighted imaging; rCBV ϭ relative cerebral blood volume; TSE ϭ turbo spin-echo N eoplastic CNS lesions are a heterogeneous group of diseases with a variable outcome that reflects the precision of diagnosis and the delivery of optimal and specific treatment. CNS imaging has a pivotal role in directing management decisions.The goals and requirements for CNS imaging are multiple and include the establishment of a diagnosis and differential diagnosis, with accurate lesion grading for characterization of tumor biology. Imaging is an essential part of the decisionmaking process for therapy and later for planning of surgical or radiotherapeutic interventions. In the case of neurosurgery, neuroimaging can precisely define the location and accurately delineate the lesion and its relationship to eloquent gray-and white-matter structures, before intervention. In radiation therapy, imaging can define and demarcate margins for therapy planning. Imaging is mandatory after therapeutic intervention for monitoring disease and possible side effects.MR imaging is the standard technique for visualizing and characterizing neoplastic CNS lesions, with superior sensitivity compared with alternative modalities.1-4 Diagnosis and treatment planning are routinely based on conventional MR imaging, such as T2-weighted imaging, FLAIR, and T1 unenhanced FSE or GRE. Following contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging, sequences including 3D GRE or 2D TSE or FSE are used routinely for assessment of brain tumors. Through enhancing tissue relaxation, gadolinium-based contrast media improve the sensitivity and specificity of conventional and perfusion-weighted MR imaging examinations, with the capability to identify lesions not visible on unenhanced MR imaging and to provide additional information o...

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Section: Identification Of Tumor Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MR Imaging of Neoplastic Central Nervous System Lesions: Review and Recommendations for Current Practice

Essig¹,

Anzalone²,

Combs³

et al. 2011

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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“…CSF is reabsorbed at arachnoid granulations. Arachnoid granulations can be obstructed by diffuse leptomeningeal carcinomatosis 7. Complete obstruction would lead to communicating hydrocephalus, but incomplete obstruction may not cause altered architecture of ventricles consistent with communicating hydrocephalus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis as primary presentation of metastatic urothelial cancer

Lambird

Beerepoot

2018

BMJ Case Reports

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Leptomeningeal spread of carcinoma, referred to here as leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, is an uncommon complication of many cancer types. Its manifestations as the presenting symptoms of a new cancer diagnosis is even less common. This case describes the manifestations of leptomeningeal spread of urothelial carcinoma with review of pathophysiology driving the presenting symptoms of hypertension and headache. In the Discussion section, we address the standard and novel interventions for management of increased intracranial pressure.

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“…Spinal cord compression occurs in 2.5–6% of patients with cancer [ 4 ]. Early diagnosis of this oncological emergency is extremely important to prevent neurological sequelae such as paralysis and loss of bowel/bladder control, which may be permanent if diagnosis is delayed by even a few hours.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of cord compressions are of extradural origin, secondary to metastatic vertebral lesions that cause cortical erosion and impress upon into the spinal canal. Cancers of the breast, lung, and prostate are most frequently associated with this condition, accounting for nearly two-thirds of all cases [ 4 ]. Less frequently, tumors involving the paravertebral area, such as lymphomas, sarcomas, and lung cancer, can invade through intervertebral foramina and impress upon the spinal cord.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging acute complications in cancer patients: what should be evaluated in the emergency setting?

et al. 2014

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Increased incidence world-wide of cancer and increased survival has also resulted in physicians seeing more complications in patients with cancer. In many cases, complications are the first manifestations of the disease. They may be insidious and develop over a period of months, or acute and manifest within minutes to days. Imaging examinations play an essential role in evaluating cancer and its complications. Plain radiography and ultrasonography (US) are generally performed initially in an urgent situation due to their wide availability, low cost, and minimal or no radiation exposure. However, depending on a patient’s symptoms, evaluation with cross-sectional imaging methods such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often necessary. In this review article, we discuss some of the most important acute noninfectious oncological complications for which imaging methods play an essential role in diagnosis.

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Neurological complications

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

MR Imaging of Neoplastic Central Nervous System Lesions: Review and Recommendations for Current Practice

MR Imaging of Neoplastic Central Nervous System Lesions: Review and Recommendations for Current Practice

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis as primary presentation of metastatic urothelial cancer

Imaging acute complications in cancer patients: what should be evaluated in the emergency setting?

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