Neurological Aspect of Drowning

Widyantara, Wayan; Faridi, M. Sofyan; Swanda, I Gusti Agung Gede Ari; Widyadharma, I Putu Eka

doi:10.5455/ijmrcr.neurological-aspect-drowning

Cited by 1 publication

(8 citation statements)

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“…Due to the sequence of events, drowning can be described according to a timeline that refers to the pathophysiologic changes which are experienced during the drowning process (Szpilman et al, 2021). The drowning event starts with fluid that initially enters the mouth and oropharynx, followed by an attempt to clear the airway which lasts for approximately 20–30 s and then followed by a period of conscious breath holding (Mott & Latimer, 2016; Szpilman et al, 2021; Widyantara et al, 2019). During the period of voluntary breath holding, which can last up to 60 s, the presence of fluid in the oropharynx and larynx triggers laryngospasm that causes a disability to breathe in air and results in oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide retention (Cantwell, 2021).…”

Section: The Process Of Drowningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the period of voluntary breath holding, which can last up to 60 s, the presence of fluid in the oropharynx and larynx triggers laryngospasm that causes a disability to breathe in air and results in oxygen depletion and carbon dioxide retention (Cantwell, 2021). The internal respiratory drive to breath together with a fall in arterial oxygen tension in the blood decreases the laryngospasm and the child will gasp, hyperventilate, inhale and aspirate fluid that contribute to further hypoxia (Cantwell, 2021; Mott & Latimer, 2016; Widyantara et al, 2019). Finally decreased lung compliance occurs with areas of very low to zero ventilation‐perfusion, atelectasis, intrapulmonary shunting and acute lung injury (Cantwell, 2021; Widyantara et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Process Of Drowningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The internal respiratory drive to breath together with a fall in arterial oxygen tension in the blood decreases the laryngospasm and the child will gasp, hyperventilate, inhale and aspirate fluid that contribute to further hypoxia (Cantwell, 2021; Mott & Latimer, 2016; Widyantara et al, 2019). Finally decreased lung compliance occurs with areas of very low to zero ventilation‐perfusion, atelectasis, intrapulmonary shunting and acute lung injury (Cantwell, 2021; Widyantara et al, 2019). Aspiration of water into the lungs is followed by wash out and damage to surfactant that disrupts the alveolar capillary membrane and lead to alveolar oedema to develop, which further contributes to local acute respiratory distress syndrome (Widyantara et al, 2019).…”

Section: The Process Of Drowningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally decreased lung compliance occurs with areas of very low to zero ventilation‐perfusion, atelectasis, intrapulmonary shunting and acute lung injury (Cantwell, 2021; Widyantara et al, 2019). Aspiration of water into the lungs is followed by wash out and damage to surfactant that disrupts the alveolar capillary membrane and lead to alveolar oedema to develop, which further contributes to local acute respiratory distress syndrome (Widyantara et al, 2019). Hypoxaemia leads to acidotic changes in the acid–base balance and hypercarbia, loss of consciousness, apnoea and cardiac arrest follow.…”

Section: The Process Of Drowningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Understanding the drowning process and related pathophysiology provide a rationale for the management, treatment strategies and interventions that are followed when the child is managed following the drowning incident (Cantwell, 2021; Parenteau et al, 2018). Clear guidelines and protocols exist that directs postdrowning management in the different clinical areas (Cantwell, 2021; Parenteau et al, 2018; Widyantara et al, 2019) as well as clinical pathways for interventions, and managing the effects of the pathophysiological process of drowning (Kritz et al, 2018; Parenteau et al, 2018). However, after exploring the above‐mentioned guidelines, protocols and pathways, it was evident that silos or pockets in care approaches exist in the different clinical areas, the parents or family's inclusion during management is not clearly demarcated, and nor is withdrawing or withholding life sustaining treatment clearly linked between the different clinical areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A quest for an integrated management system of children following a drowning incident: A review of the literature

Rossouw,

Maree,

Latour

2023

Specialist Pediatric Nursing

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PurposeManagement of children following a drowning incident is based on specific interventions which are used in the prehospital environment, the emergency department (ED) and the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). This paper presents a review of the literature to map and describe the management and interventions used by healthcare professionals when managing a child following a drowning incident. Of specific interest was to map, synthesise and describe the management and interventions according to the different clinical domains or practice areas of healthcare professionals.Design and MethodsA traditional review of the literature was performed to appraise, map and describe information from 32 relevant articles. Four electronic databases were searched using search strings and the Boolean operators AND as well as OR. The included articles were all published in English between 2010 and 2022, as it comprised a timeline including current guidelines and practices necessary to describe management and interventions.ResultsConcepts and phrases from the literature were used as headings to form a picture or overview of the interventions used for managing a child following a drowning incident. Information extracted from the literature was mapped under management and interventions for prehospital, the ED and the PICU and a figure was constructed to display the findings. It was evident from the literature that management and interventions are well researched, evidence‐informed and discussed, but no clear arguments or examples could be found to link the interventions for integrated management from the scene of drowning through to the PICU. Cooling and/or rewarming techniques and approaches and termination of resuscitation were found to be discussed as interventions, but no evidence of integration from prehospital to the ED and beyond was found. The review also highlighted the absence of parental involvement in the management of children following a drowning incident.Practice ImplicationsMapping the literature enables visualisation of management and interventions used for children following a drowning incident. Integration of these interventions can collaboratively be done by involving the healthcare practitioners to form a link or chain for integrated management from the scene of drowning through to the PICU.

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Section: The Process Of Drowningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Process Of Drowningmentioning

confidence: 99%