Neurologic Diseases in Horses

Rech, Raquel R.; Barros, Cláudio S.L.

doi:10.1016/j.cveq.2015.04.010

Cited by 14 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Sampling a horse's nervous system takes the same amount of time as evaluating all other organs during a necropsy. This is because in horses, in addition to the CNS samples required for collection in ruminants, sampling of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord segments is essential for the diagnosis of most neurological diseases, since lesions are often located in this region (Rech & Barros, 2015). If samples are not collected and stored correctly, laboratory diagnosis will not be successful, leading to inconclusive results (Pedroso et al 2010;Peixoto et al, 2000;Rech & Barros, 2015).…”

Section: Important Topics To Consider In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological surveillance of West Nile virus in the world and Brazil

Costa¹,

Bayeux²,

Silva

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a neurovirulent mosquito-borne Flavivirus that is maintained in nature by a zoonotic transmissioncycle between avian hosts and ornithophilic mosquito vectors, mostly from the Culex genus. Until the 1990s, WNV wasconsidered to be an old-world arbovirus, but in 1999, WNV emerged in the United States (US) and spread rapidly, becoming amajor threat to public health. WNV adapted to the transmission cycle involving American mosquitoes and birds and reachedCentral and South America in subsequent years. In 2003, the National West Nile Fever Surveillance System was created in Brazilbased on serological screening of animals and sentinel vectors, as recommended by the Pan American Health Organization(PAHO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Since 2008, serological evidence of WNV infection in Brazilian horseshas been reported, and the circulation of WNV has been monitored through the regular serological screening of sentinel horsesand reporting of encephalomyelitis cases. Horses are highly susceptible to WNV infection, and outbreaks of neurologicaldisease among horses often precede human cases. In this regard, equine surveillance has been essential in providing earlywarning to public and animal health authorities in several countries, including Brazil. This demonstrates the need for animaland public health intervention programs to allocate resources to make veterinarians aware of the role they can play in thehuman surveillance processes by monitoring horses. This review discusses the importance of equine surveillance and the gapthat veterinarians can fill on the front line in human surveillance, in Brazil and worldwide, in the context of “One Health”

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Section: Important Topics To Consider In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological surveillance of West Nile virus in the world and Brazil

Costa¹,

Bayeux²,

Silva

et al. 2020

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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“…Oedema and liquefactive necrosis of the white and grey matter of the brain and spinal cord in horses has also been related to parasitic infection by Trypanosoma evansi , and leukoencephalomalacia due to the prolonged ingestion of corn contaminated with Fusarium verticillioides . However, the current horses had no history of access to contaminated corn, and lesions differed from that condition due to the involvement of both grey and white matter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Neurotoxicosis in horses associated with consumption of Trema micrantha

Lorenzett

Pereira

Bassuíno

et al. 2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Paresthesia at the biting site may develop, which results in rubbing or automutilation through biting. Lyssavirus mainly shows axon-neuronal transport by binding with acetylcholine-receptors at motor end plate and multiply at the ventral horn of the spinal cord before CNS spreading [72]. The virus replicates within the CNS during phase 2, leading to clinical signs of encephalomyelitis.…”

Section: Rabies Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Equine Encephalitis, a Growing Threat to the Horse Population in Europe?

Lecollinet

Pronost

Coulpier

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Neurological disorders represent an important sanitary and economic threat for the equine industry worldwide. Among nervous diseases, viral encephalitis is of growing concern, due to the emergence of arboviruses and to the high contagiosity of herpesvirus-infected horses. The nature, severity and duration of the clinical signs could be different depending on the etiological agent and its virulence. However, definite diagnosis generally requires the implementation of combinations of direct and/or indirect screening assays in specialized laboratories. The equine practitioner, involved in a mission of prevention and surveillance, plays an important role in the clinical diagnosis of viral encephalitis. The general management of the horse is essentially supportive, focused on controlling pain and inflammation within the central nervous system, preventing injuries and providing supportive care. Despite its high medical relevance and economic impact in the equine industry, vaccines are not always available and there is no specific antiviral therapy. In this review, the major virological, clinical and epidemiological features of the main neuropathogenic viruses inducing encephalitis in equids in Europe, including rabies virus (Rhabdoviridae), Equid herpesviruses (Herpesviridae), Borna disease virus (Bornaviridae) and West Nile virus (Flaviviridae), as well as exotic viruses, will be presented.

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Neurologic Diseases in Horses

Cited by 14 publications

References 32 publications

Epidemiological surveillance of West Nile virus in the world and Brazil

Epidemiological surveillance of West Nile virus in the world and Brazil

Neurotoxicosis in horses associated with consumption of Trema micrantha

Viral Equine Encephalitis, a Growing Threat to the Horse Population in Europe?

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