Neuroimmunology of Common Parasitic Infections in Africa

Idro, Richard; Ogwang, Rodney; Barragán, Antonio; Raimondo, Joseph V.; Masocha, Willias

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.791488

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 269 publications

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“…Toxoplasma gondii, which causes toxoplasmosis, Plasmodium species, which causes malaria, and Taenia solium, the swine tapeworm, are notable examples. Among others, these parasites can cause severe morbidity and mortality, especially in immunocompromised people (Idro et al 2022). Toxoplasmosis, for example, typically causes moderate symptoms in healthy individuals, but can result in severe neurological complications in those with compromised immune systems.…”

Section: Influence Of Frequent Zoonotic Parasites On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Parasites and Food Safety: the Case of Taenia Solium

2023

IJAB

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This study provided a comprehensive overview of the zoonotic parasite Taenia solium, focusing on its biology, transmission, public health impact and control measures. Taenia solium, responsible for diseases such as taeniasis and cysticercosis, is significant due to its role in foodborne transmission and its status as the major global cause of acquired disease. We explored the broader context of zoonotic diseases, highlighting how changes in the environment, agriculture and urbanization contributed to their spread. It emphasized the importance of understanding the biological aspects of T. solium, including its habitats, food sources and transmission dynamics, to develop effective control strategies. The symptoms and diagnosis of taeniasis and cysticercosis were detailed, along with the epidemiological challenges in determining the true global burden of the disease. The role of food safety in controlling T. solium transmission was centered. We discussed the importance of pig rearing, pork handling and public education in breaking the parasite's life cycle. We also examined the traditional and modern control methods, including agricultural practices, sanitation improvements, use of pork and public health interventions. The use of antiparasitic drugs, diagnostic advancements, and potential of vaccines were explored as contemporary strategies to combat the parasite. Public health policies and regulations were highlighted as key elements in controlling T. solium, focusing on pork production, transmission control and community education. The study concluded by reflecting on the future of zoonotic parasite control, acknowledging the challenges posed by socio-cultural factors, resource constraints, and climate change.

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Section: Influence Of Frequent Zoonotic Parasites On Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic Parasites and Food Safety: the Case of Taenia Solium

2023

IJAB

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“…If infection is not effectively treated, coma and death result. [15] HAT treatment relies on drugs (figure 1) and varies with the infecting species and stage of disease. Pentamidine and suramin monotherapies are used to treat the first stage of T. b. gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense infection, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second stage, parasites enter the central nervous system, leading to neuropsychiatric symptoms and sleeping disturbances. If infection is not effectively treated, coma and death result [15] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tractable Quinolone Hydrazides Exhibiting Sub‐Micromolar and Broad Spectrum Antitrypanosomal Activities

Chirwa,

Francisco,

Dube

et al. 2024

ChemMedChem

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Nagana and Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), caused by (sub)species of Trypanosoma, are diseases that impede human and animal health, and economic growth in Africa. The few drugs available have drawbacks including suboptimal efficacy, adverse effects, drug resistance, and difficult routes of administration. New drugs are needed. A series of 20 novel quinolone compounds with affordable synthetic routes was made and evaluated in vitro against Trypanosoma brucei and HEK293 cells. Of the 20 compounds, 12 had sub‐micromolar potencies against the parasite (EC50 values = 0.051‐0.57 µM), and most were non‐toxic to HEK293 cells (CC50 values >5 µM). Two of the most potent compounds presented sub‐micromolar activities against other trypanosome (sub)species (T. cruzi and T. b. rhodesiense). Although aqueous solubility is poor, both compounds possess good logD values (2‐3), and either robust or poor microsomal stability profiles. These varying attributes will be addressed in future reports.

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“…There are two types of the disease: the slower-progressing form, which is caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T. b. gambiense) and is endemic in Western and Central Africa; and the faster-progressing form, which is brought on by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T. b. rhodesiense) which is prevalent in Eastern and Southern Africa [2][3][4]. The parasite causing HAT are endemic in 30 sub-Saharan African countries, wherein 65 million people are at risk of contracting the disease [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and in vitro biological activity of chalcone derivatives as potential antiparasitic agents

Setshedi,

Beteck,

Ilbeigi

et al. 2024

Med Chem Res

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Kinetoplastids are a group of flagellated protozoans including medically important parasites of the genus Trypanosoma and Leishmania. The corresponding diseases have afflicted humans for centuries. In an effort to combat kinetoplastid infections, a set of 21 chalcones was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro anti-protozoal efficacy against Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania infantum. To ensure safety, these compounds underwent a selectivity evaluation by assessing toxicity against a human lung fibroblast cell line. Compound K4 exhibited remarkable and selective trypanocidal activity against T. b. brucei with IC50 value of 0.31 ± 0.27 µM and T. b. rhodesiense with IC50 value of 0.96 ± 0.86 µM. Compound K9 also showed significant trypanocidal activity against T. b. brucei (IC50: 0.45 ± 0.14 µM) and T. b. rhodesiense (IC50: 0.93 ± 0.51 µM). In both compounds, electron withdrawing groups are appended to the styrenyl moiety.

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Neuroimmunology of Common Parasitic Infections in Africa

Cited by 7 publications

References 269 publications

Zoonotic Parasites and Food Safety: the Case of Taenia Solium

Zoonotic Parasites and Food Safety: the Case of Taenia Solium

Tractable Quinolone Hydrazides Exhibiting Sub‐Micromolar and Broad Spectrum Antitrypanosomal Activities

Synthesis and in vitro biological activity of chalcone derivatives as potential antiparasitic agents

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