Neurogenesis of Rhesus adipose stromal cells

Abstract

In this study, we isolated and characterized a population of non-human primate adipose tissue stromal cells (pATSCs) containing multipotent progenitor cells. We show that these pATSCs can differentiate into several mesodermal lineages, as well as neural lineage cells. For neural induction of pATSCs and non-human primate bone marrow stromal cells (pBMSCs), the cells were cultured in Neurobasal (NB) media supplemented with B27, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). After 4 days in culture, the pATSCs form compact, spheroid bodies that ultimately become neurospheres (NS). Free-floating neurospheres undergo extensive differentiation when cultured on PDL-laminin. Our data suggest that the neurogenic potential of pATSCs is markedly higher than that of pBMSCs. We have also performed microarray analysis and characterized the gene expression patterns in undifferentiated pATSCs. The direct comparison of gene expression profiles in undifferentiated pATSCs and pATSC-NS, and delineated specific members of important growth factor, signaling, cell adhesion and transcription factors families. Our data indicate that adipose tissue may be an alternative source of stem cells for therapy of central nervous system (CNS) defects.

Autologous transplants of Adipose-Derived Adult Stromal (ADAS) cells afford dopaminergic neuroprotection in a model of Parkinson's disease

“…Several studies to date have reported that Adipose-Derived Adult Stromal (ADAS) cells from rats (Tholpady, Katz et al 2003;Yang, Liu et al 2004;Ning, Lin et al 2006), mice (Safford, Hicok et al 2002;Fujimura, Ogawa et al 2005), rhesus monkeys (Kang, Putnam et al 2004), and humans (Safford, Hicok et al 2002;Zuk, Zhu et al 2002;Ashjian, Elbarbary et al 2003;Kang, Jun et al 2003;Fujimura, Ogawa et al 2005) can be coaxed to differentiate into neuronlike morphologies and to express neuro-glial markers in vitro. Importantly, our study is the first to demonstrate that in vitro neural induction and stable terminal differentiation of ADAS cells into functionally mature neurons in vivo are not necessary for ADAS cells to exert neuroprotective effects in models of neurological injury and thus be considered viable tissue sources to treat neurodegenerative diseases.…”

“…In recent years, adult adipose was shown by several laboratories (reviewed in (Schaffler and Buchler 2007) to be a source of multipotent cells from which to derive progenitors such as chondrocytes, adipocytes, osteoblasts, and myocytes for tissue engineering and repair of mesodermal or mesenchymal-derived tissues (Zuk, Zhu et al 2001;Zuk, Zhu et al 2002;Tholpady, Katz et al 2003) while others reported adipose may also have sub-populations of cells with neurogenic potential in vitro (Safford, Hicok et al 2002;Ashjian, Elbarbary et al 2003;Kang, Putnam et al 2004;Safford, Safford et al 2004;Fujimura, Ogawa et al 2005;Ning, Lin et al 2006). The term Adipose-Derived Adult Stem (ADAS) cells was the original term used to refer to these cells on the basis of their potential for multi-lineage specification (Safford, Hicok et al 2002).…”

Stem cells from adipose tissue

“…Today, the ability of ASCs to form multiple cell types of all three germ layers (muscle and bone of mesodermal lineage; hepatocytes and pancreatic islets of endodermal lineage; and neurons, oligodendrocytes and functional Schwann cells of epidermal lineage) suggests that ASCs may be pluripotent rather than multipotent stem cells [1,72,[79][80][81][82]. This enormous plasticity of ASCs distinguishes these cells from other thus far characterized stem cells.…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Are Recruited into Wounded Skin and Contribute to Wound Repair by Transdifferentiation into Multiple Skin Cell Type

“…Recent reports show that MSCs may have the ability to differentiate into other lineage cells in vitro, such as endothelial cells (6,7), neural cells (8,9) and hepatocytes (10,11). In vivo studies have also shown that MSCs can differentiate into tissue-specific cells in response to cues provided by different organs (12).…”