Neurogenesis in the Adult Goldfish Cerebellum

Abstract

Neurogenesis was studied in the cerebellum of adult goldfish, to establish the phenomenon in this popular laboratory animal model. BrdU and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling revealed a high rate of cell proliferation within the molecular layer of the cerebellar corpus and valve. Most newborn cells expressed the neuronal marker beta-III-tubulin after 24 hr, supporting the goldfish cerebellum as an excellent paradigm to study vertebrate adult neurogenesis.

Spatial distribution and cellular composition of adult brain proliferative zones in the teleost, Gymnotus omarorum

“…Numerous densely packed proliferating cells were found in the three main regions of Cb, as occurs in other teleosts (Zupanc and Horschke, 1995; Zupanc et al, 1996; Ekström et al, 2001; Grandel et al, 2006; Ampatzis and Dermon, 2007; Kaslin et al, 2009; Delgado and Schmachtenberg, 2011; Fernández et al, 2011; Teles et al, 2012). The spatial distribution of proliferating cells of G. omarorum cerebellar proliferation zones very closely resembled those of A. leptorhynchus (Zupanc and Horschke, 1995; Zupanc et al, 1996) and O. mossambicus (Teles et al, 2012): proliferating cells populated the medial region of the dorsal and ventral portions of CCb-mol, the medial region of VCb-mol, and most of the extension of EGm-gra.…”

“…The spatial distribution of proliferating cells of G. omarorum cerebellar proliferation zones very closely resembled those of A. leptorhynchus (Zupanc and Horschke, 1995; Zupanc et al, 1996) and O. mossambicus (Teles et al, 2012): proliferating cells populated the medial region of the dorsal and ventral portions of CCb-mol, the medial region of VCb-mol, and most of the extension of EGm-gra. These proliferation patterns differed from those of O. latipes (Kuroyanagi et al, 2010), Austrobelias (Fernández et al, 2011), and C. aureatus (Delgado and Schmachtenberg, 2011). In all cerebellar divisions, proliferating cells' density and proliferation zones' extension appeared to be greater in G. omarorum than any other species, including A. leptorhynchus .…”

“…Nuclei of already migrated cells were usually round and presented weak and granular staining, unlike those of proliferating cells within cerebellar proliferation zones, indicating that derived cells had undergone several cell divisions and thus had partly substituted the exogenous thymidine analog by endogenous thymidine before or during migration. All these features argue in favor of differentiation of cerebellar newborn cells into granular cells as is also indicated by preliminary results of simultaneous demonstration of long term label retaining and the expression of neuronal markers or “ in vivo” tract tracing in G. omarorum (Olivera-Pasilio, 2014) as shown in other teleosts (Zupanc et al, 1996, 2005; Kaslin et al, 2009; Delgado and Schmachtenberg, 2011; Teles et al, 2012). …”

“…Among teleosts, adult cell proliferation and neurogenesis have been thoroughly characterized in wave type weakly electric gymnotids, particularly in Apteronotus leptorhynchus [ A. leptorhynchus : (Zupanc and Horschke, 1995; Zupanc et al, 1996; Zupanc, 2001; Hinsch and Zupanc, 2006); Eigenmannia sp: (Zupanc and Zupanc, 1992); and Brachyhypopomus gauderio : (Dunlap et al, 2011)]. The spatial distribution of brain proliferation zones in adult wave type weakly electric gymnotids roughly resembles that of other teleosts [ Astatotilapia burtoni (Maruska et al, 2012); Austrolebias (Fernández et al, 2011); Carassius auratus (Raymond and Easter, 1983; Delgado and Schmachtenberg, 2011); Danio rerio (Maeyama and Nakayasu, 2000; Zupanc et al, 2005; Adolf et al, 2006; Grandel et al, 2006; Ampatzis and Dermon, 2007; Kaslin et al, 2009; Ito et al, 2010; März et al, 2010; Zupanc, 2011); Gasterosteus aculeatus (Ekström et al, 2001); Nothobranchius furzeri (Terzibasi et al, 2012); Odontesthes bonariensis (Strobl-Mazzulla et al, 2010); Oreochromis mossambicus (Teles et al, 2012); Oryzias latipes (Nguyen et al, 1999; Candal et al, 2005a; Alunni et al, 2010; Kuroyanagi et al, 2010; Isoe et al, 2012) and Salmo trutta fario (Candal et al, 2005b)], despite the phylogenetic distance to most of those species. However, differences have been observed that were attributed to the functional specialization of weakly electric fish (Zupanc and Horschke, 1995; Grandel et al, 2006; Grandel and Brand, 2013).…”

The Antidepressant Tranylcypromine Alters Cellular Proliferation and Migration in the Adult Goldfish Brain

“…They have stem cell‐like properties, such as self‐renewal and multipotency developing into both neurons and glial cells (Hinsch and Zupanc, ). Recently, adult neurogenesis has also been shown in the proliferation zones of cerebellum in the goldfish (Delgado and Schmachtenberg, ). The proliferation zones reported in this study, therefore, suggest that adult neurogenesis could be present in large areas of goldfish brain, a conclusion consistent with the sustained growth of the brain for the lifetime of the goldfish.…”