Neuroendocrine regulation of somatic growth in fishes

Abstract

Growth is a polygenic trait that is under the influence of multiple physiological pathways regulating energy metabolism and muscle growth. Among the possible growth-regulating pathways in vertebrates, components of the somatotropic axis are thought to have the greatest influence. There is growing body of literature focusing on the somatotropic axis and its role regulating growth in fish. This includes research into growth hormone, upstream hypothalamic hormones, insulin-like growth factors, and downstream signaling molecules. Many of these signals have both somatic effects stimulating the growth of tissues and metabolic effects that play a role in nutrient metabolism. Signals of other endocrine axes exhibit profound effects on the function of the somatotropic axis in vivo. In this review we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the teleost fish endocrine somatotropic axis, including emerging research using genetic modified models. These studies have revealed new aspects and challenges associated with regulation of the important steps of somatic growth. somatic growth, endocrine regulation, fish Citation:

Genome-Wide Association Study for Identifying Loci that Affect Fillet Yield, Carcass, and Body Weight Traits in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…The complete list of the SNPs is provided in Tables S4, S5 for BW10 and BW13, respectively. Our findings of the polygenic architecture of growth traits in fish is consistent with previous reports in the literature (Devlin et al, 2009; Dai et al, 2015; Tsai et al, 2015), and, congruent with our GWAS results, several markers were associated with weight in a GWAS for Atlantic salmon, but the proportion of variance explained by each marker was less than 0.1% (Tsai et al, 2015). …”

Characterization, expression, and function analysis of gonad-inhibiting hormone in Oriental River prawn, Macrobrachium nipponense and its induced expression by temperature

“…Endogenous factors include both neuroendocrine and non-neuroendocrine secretions. A number of hormones from neuroendocrine organs play an important role in controlling gonad maturation (De Kleijn et al, 1994;Fingerman, 1997;Chang et al, 2001;Nagaraju, 2007;Mazurová et al, 2008;Raviv et al, 2008;Ding et al, 2009;Dai et al, 2015).Gonad-inhibiting hormone (GIH), also called vitellogenesis-inhibiting hormone (VIH), is a member of the eyestalk neuropeptide family that is synthesized in neuroendocrine cells located in the eyestalk medulla terminalis ganglionic X-organ, stored in the sinus gland (SG) of the eyestalk and finally released into haemolymph in decapod crustaceans (Böcking et al, 2002;Lorenzon, 2005;Nagaraju et al, 2005;Ollivaux et al, 2006;Chang and Mykles, 2011). This hormone family is known as the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone family (CHH family) (Spanings-Pierrot et al, 2000;Katayama et al, 2001;Watson et al, 2001;Webster et al, 2012).…”

Sex differences in the expression of GH/IGF axis genes underlie sexual size dimorphism in the yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)

“…Sexual dimorphism with respect to size has been observed in many farmed fish species, such as the yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Gui and Zhu, 2012). In teleosts, somatic growth is greatly regulated by the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis genes expressed in the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis (Dai et al, 2015). Yellow catfish males grow much faster than the females.…”