Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Conceptual Issues

Bishop, Dorothy V. M.; Rutter, Michael

doi:10.1002/9781444300895.ch3

Cited by 76 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…These facts are broadly consistent with classic definitions of a neurodevelopmental disorder. 162 In addition, psychosocial, demographic, and head injury measures have not been found to account for the brain structural and functional impairments observed in psychopathic people. 12 have been hypothesized to reflect an underlying neurodevelopmental abnormality that disrupts hippocampal-prefrontal circuitry, resulting in affect dysregulation, poor contextual fear conditioning, and insensitivity to cues predicting capture.…”

Section: A Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis Of Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…162 Evidence from behavioural-genetic studies have indicated a significant influence of genes on psychopathy, [164][165][166][167][168] while moleculargenetic studies are starting to shape our understanding of psychopathic personality in identifying specific genes involved in brain structure and function 169 and which may be compromised in psychopathic people. Future studies encapsulating neuroimaging and molecular genetics should be conducted to test a "genes to brain to psychopathy" 170, p 323 hypothesis, to identify the genes coding for the early neurodevelopmental brain abnormalities that, in turn, predispose to psychopathic personality.…”

Section: A Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis Of Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Neurobiology of Psychopathy: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective

et al. 2009

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Highlights • People with psychopathic personality are characterized by a constellation of traits including interpersonal-affective features (for example, superficial charm, manipulativeness, and lack of affect and emotion) and antisocial features (for example, impulsivity and aggression). • Cognitive and affective-emotional processing deficits associated with brain abnormalities, particularly structural and functional impairments in the amygdala and orbitofrontal-ventromedial prefrontal cortex, have been found in people with psychopathy. • Psychopathy may have a neurodevelopmental basis, and future molecular genetic studies identifying genes' coding for early brain abnormalities, together with longitudinal imaging studies, are needed to further substantiate this neurodevelopmental hypothesis.

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Section: A Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis Of Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis Of Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neurobiology of Psychopathy: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective

et al. 2009

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“…The terms neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodevelopmental disabilities, which emphasize the neurological basis of these developmental disturbances without significantly changing the nature of the population, are also variably used. Sometimes they refer specifically to impairment of linguistic, scholastic or motor skills, but also to a wider range of conditions known by functionally-informative diagnoses such as intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well more etiologically informative, "medical" diagnoses such as Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, or fetal alcohol syndrome [15][16][17].…”

Section: Diagnostic Status Functional Status and Complexity Among Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic status, functional status and complexity among Canadian children with neurodevelopmental disorders and disabilities: a population-based study

Miller¹,

Mâsse²,

Shen³

et al. 2012

Disability and Rehabilitation

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“…Uma possível solução para o enigma das múltiplas associações entre agentes etiológicos e manifestações fenotípicas de transtornos do desenvolvimento e da aprendizagem foi proposta a partir do conceito de endofenótipos (Bishop & Rutter, 2009).…”

Section: Etiologia Do Desempenho Em Matemática E Mecanismos Neuropsicunclassified

Heterogeneidade cognitiva nas dificuldades de aprendizagem da matemática: uma revisão bibliográfica

et al. 2012

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ResumoO progresso tecnológico e econômico de um país associa-se a melhorias na qualidade de vida à custa de uma demanda crescente do desempenho cognitivo e acadêmico da população. As dificuldades de aprendizagem da matemática (DAM) representam um risco, diminuindo potencialmente o capital cognitivo de uma sociedade. Os diagnósticos e intervenções neuropsicológicos melhoram potencialmente o funcionamento cognitivo e o bem-estar dos indivíduos. Pesquisas são necessárias para um planejamento efetivo e equitativo de políticas públicas. Os critérios diagnósticos atuais das dificuldades de aprendizagem são estatísticos e arbitrários, resultando em uma heterogeneidade clínica e em um alto índice de comorbidades. Neste artigo, foram analisados, através de uma revisão de literatura, os possíveis mecanismos cognitivos envolvidos nas DAM e em outros distúrbios relacionados. Conclui-se que o processamento fonológico, a memória de trabalho, o processamento visoespacial e o senso numérico são domínios potencialmente subjacentes às DAM. Mais estudos longitudinais e integrativos que avaliem simultaneamente a contribuição destes fatores são necessários. Palavras-chave:Dificuldades de aprendizagem da matemática; senso numérico; memória de trabalho; habilidades visoespaciais; revisão. AbstractTechnological and economic progress is associated to higher living standards at the expense of growing demands on cognitive/academic performance. Mathematical learning difficulties (MLD) represent a risk factor, potentially diminishing a society's cognitive capital. Neuropsychological diagnosis and interventions potentially improve cognitive functioning and well-being. Research data are required to plan effective and equitable public policies. Current diagnostic criteria for learning difficulties are statistical and arbitrary, resulting in clinical heterogeneity and high comorbidity rates. In this paper, we discuss possible cognitive mechanisms involved in MLD and their relationship to other disorders through a literature review. It is concluded that phonological processing, working memory, visuospatial processing and number sense are domains potentially underlying MLD. More longitudinal and integrative studies, simultaneously assessing the contribution of these several factors are required.

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Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Conceptual Issues

Cited by 76 publications

References 50 publications

The Neurobiology of Psychopathy: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective

The Neurobiology of Psychopathy: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective

Diagnostic status, functional status and complexity among Canadian children with neurodevelopmental disorders and disabilities: a population-based study

Heterogeneidade cognitiva nas dificuldades de aprendizagem da matemática: uma revisão bibliográfica

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