Neurocysticercosis: A Review into Treatment Options, Indications, and Their Efficacy

Filho, Pedro Tadao Hamamoto; Rodríguez-Rivas, Roberto; Fleury, Agnès

doi:10.2147/rrtm.s375650

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Indeed, when a diagnosis has been made, patients have had parasites located in the subarachnoid space for many years. This chronic infection is probably involved in the modification of endocrine factors in affected patients that we reported some years ago [26] and is also probably involved in the frequent low response to specific treatment of these patients [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocysticercosis: The duration of its preclinical phase relies on the parasite location

Tellez‐Arellano,

Kuschick‐Fehér,

Romero‐Gonzalez

et al. 2024

Tropical Med Int Health

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ObjectivesNeurocysticercosis (NC) is a heterogeneous disease particularly in terms of response to treatment and prognosis. Parasite localization is one of the main factors involved in this heterogeneity. In this study we aim to determine whether differences in the duration of the preclinical phase associated with parasite location, could contribute to said heterogeneity.MethodsNinety‐nine patients were included, 24 with parasites in the parenchyma (PAR), 56 in the subarachnoid (SA) space and 19 in the ventricular system (IV). A questionnaire designed to assess exposure to classic NC risk factors 5, 10, 15, 20 and more than 20 years prior to diagnosis was applied. The results were compared between the three groups. Also, asymptomatic relatives of patients who had shared their living conditions in childhood or more recently were included and underwent brain scan and blood testing for specific antibodies.ResultsOver the course of their lives, exposure to risk factors decreased significantly for all patients, although the decrease was more evident in patients with parasites in the SA space (p < 0.001) compared to patients with PAR (p = 0.011) or IV cysts (p = 0.020). Five years prior to diagnosis, exposure to risk factors was significantly higher in patients with PAR or IV NC than in patients with SA NC (p = 0.04). Furthermore, individuals in close contact with PAR or IV patients in the years preceding diagnosis were more likely to have asymptomatic NC, specific antibodies in sera, particularly IgM, compared to individuals in close contact with SA patients during the same period.ConclusionsAll these findings are highly suggestive of the possibility of a more recent infection of patients affected by parenchymal and ventricular NC than of patients with subarachnoid NC. Consequently, subarachnoid disease could be considered a chronic disease, which, probably contributes to the severity of the disease as well as the minimal response to medical treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocysticercosis: The duration of its preclinical phase relies on the parasite location

Tellez‐Arellano,

Kuschick‐Fehér,

Romero‐Gonzalez

et al. 2024

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…12 The combination treatment of albendazole and praziquantel in individuals with active symptomatic neurocysticercosis (NCC) following albendazole monotherapy has exhibited remarkable outcomes. 13 Because of the variability of presentation, treatment most be individualized. Taenia solium infection is preventable by imposing basic personal hygiene, proper hand washing and sanitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocysticercosis presenting as an uncommon cause of chest wall swelling: A case report

Das,

Pariyar

2023

jgpeman

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Cysticercosis is a common helminthic parasitic infection in humans caused by larva of Taenia solium. It most commonly affects the brain causing neurocysticercosis. It also affects the different system of the body as eyes, subcutaneous tissue, eye, lungs. Diagnosis of cysticercosis is usually done by imaging such as ultrasound for cutaneous, muscular and orbital infection whereas CT scan for the neuro cysticercosis. We report a case of myocysticercosis on lateral chest wall of the 7-year-old male from a rural region of Nepal.

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“…The anthelminthic treatment may trigger the secretion of various antigens from the cysts, eliciting inflammatory responses that determine the symptoms and can be fatal [ 8 , 28 ]. Therefore, corticosteroids are of critical relevance for the treatment of inflammation [ 50 ]. However, the control of inflammation is also beneficial to the parasite, because the parasites may use corticosteroid metabolites for their own reproductive process, as shown with T. crassiceps (a T. solium analogue) in vitro, and probably also because of the immunosuppression associated with their use [ 51 , 52 , 53 ].…”

Section: Surgical Removal Of Cystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Role of Surgery in the Treatment of Neurocysticercosis

Hamamoto Filho,

Norcia,

Fleury

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a common parasitic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) in low- and middle-income countries. The infection is pleomorphic, caused by the larval form of the cestode, Taenia solium, and part of the heterogeneity of its clinical presentations is associated with the localization of the parasite within the CNS. Changes in the current epidemiological trends of NCC indicate that extra-parenchymal NCC is proportionally becoming more frequent. Extraparenchymal NCC is commonly accompanied by raised intracranial hypertension due to hydrocephalus, which is an emergency requiring cyst extirpation by surgical intervention to relieve the symptoms. Although less frequent, parenchymal cysts may also reach giant sizes requiring urgent surgical treatment. Finally, there is an advancement in the comprehension of the association between NCC and epilepsy—and patients with drug-resistant seizures are candidates for surgical treatment. In this narrative review, we summarize the present state of knowledge to update the current trends in the role of surgery in the treatment of NCC.

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Neurocysticercosis: A Review into Treatment Options, Indications, and Their Efficacy

Cited by 11 publications

References 77 publications

Neurocysticercosis: The duration of its preclinical phase relies on the parasite location

Neurocysticercosis: The duration of its preclinical phase relies on the parasite location

Myocysticercosis presenting as an uncommon cause of chest wall swelling: A case report

Current Role of Surgery in the Treatment of Neurocysticercosis

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