Neurocognitive performance in children aged 9–12years who present putative antecedents of schizophrenia

Cullen, Alexis E.; Dickson, Hannah; West, Sophie; Morris, Robin G.; Mould, Glenn L.; Hodgins, Sheilagh; Murray, Robin M.; Laurens, Kristin R.

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2010.05.034

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Second, the extent and/or magnitude of brain volume differences between ASz and TD children may have been underestimated by matching on, and adjusting for, IQ. This strategy was employed given the known association between IQ and brain structure, 23 despite evidence that ASz children are characterized by significantly lower IQ scores than their TD peers, 20 as are children who later develop schizophrenia. 59 A third limitation, not unique to this study, concerns potentially inaccurate localization of SPM spatial coordinates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Our strategy identifies children aged 9-12 years who present a triad of replicated ASz, 16,18 defined as (a) speech and/or motor developmental delays or abnormalities, (b) social, emotional, and/or behavioral problems, and (c) psychotic-like (or subclinical psychotic) experiences. While only longitudinal follow-up will ultimately determine the specificity and sensitivity of the triad in predicting later schizophrenia, preliminary evidence has demonstrated that ASz children present several neurobiological features that characterize adults with schizophrenia, including functional-brain abnormality following commission of behavioral errors, 19 poorer intellectual and cognitive functioning, 20 and increased involuntary dyskinetic movement abnormalities 21 relative to typically developing (TD) children. Delineating biomarkers associated with a preprodromal at-risk phase may provide a means to refine identification strategies, track changes in disease phase, and monitor the impact of early therapeutic interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporal Lobe Volume Abnormalities Precede the Prodrome: A Study of Children Presenting Antecedents of Schizophrenia

Cullen¹,

Brito²,

Gregory³

et al. 2012

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Distributed abnormalities of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume characterize individuals experiencing their first episode of schizophrenia. Regions of abnormality are present already, albeit less extensively, during the prodromal phase of illness. This study aimed to determine whether putatively at-risk children, aged 9-12 years, who present multiple antecedents of schizophrenia (ASz), display GM and WM volume abnormalities relative to typically developing (TD) children presenting no antecedents. Structural magnetic resonance images were acquired for 20 ASz children and 20 TD children matched on age, sex, and IQ. Whole-brain differences in GM and WM volume were determined using voxel-based morphometry. Relative to the TD group, ASz children showed significantly decreased GM volume in the right middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and increased GM volume in the left superior-middle temporal gyri (P < 0.05, cluster correction). WM volume was significantly increased in ASz children relative to TD children in a cluster encompassing the left inferior parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and superior temporal gyrus. Post-hoc analyses indicated that these abnormalities were not limited to ASz children who selfreported auditory hallucinations on questionnaire. Our findings suggest that children aged 9-12 years who present multiple ASz are characterized by abnormalities of GM and WM volume in the temporal lobes, comprising a subset of the regions affected in first-episode schizophrenia and in the prodromal phase of illness. These preliminary findings indicate that structural brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia may be detected in putatively at-risk, preprodromal children. Prospective studies following the brain development of at-risk children are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Lobe Volume Abnormalities Precede the Prodrome: A Study of Children Presenting Antecedents of Schizophrenia

Cullen¹,

Brito²,

Gregory³

et al. 2012

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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“…Neurocognitive deficits have been reported in individuals with psychotic experiences, most notably in processing speed (Barnett et al, 2012;Blanchard et al, 2010;Cullen et al, 2010;Kelleher et al, 2012a), a domain that has previously been highlighted as important more generally in terms of social/role functioning (Carrion et al, 2011). Furthermore, individuals with psychotic experiences have been shown to have significantly more exposure to childhood trauma (Arseneault et al, 2011;Fisher et al, 2012;Freeman and Fowler, 2009;Galletly et al, 2011;Janssen et al, 2004;Kelleher et al, 2013c;Saha et al, 2011b;Scott et al, 2007;Wigman et al, 2012b), something that might also contribute to long term dysfunction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotic experiences in the population: Association with functioning and mental distress

Kelleher

Wigman

Harley

et al. 2015

Schizophrenia Research

117

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“…In initial cross-sectional analyses conducted in ASz and TD groups only, we observed impairments in general intelligence, verbal memory, working memory, and executive function among ASz children aged 9-12 years [39] which were less pervasive and smaller in magnitude than those characterising adults with schizophrenia [40], but similar to those observed among CHR individuals [41,42]. In subsequent analyses performed on a larger, partially overlapping sample, ASz children performed at a level intermediate to FHx children with high familial loading (C1 first-degree or C2 seconddegree relatives) and FHx children with low familial loading (one affected second-degree relative only) across a range of neurocognitive subtests [43].…”

Section: Cognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 88%

Toward earlier identification and preventative intervention in schizophrenia: evidence from the London Child Health and Development Study

Laurens

Cullen

2015

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose The London Child Health and Development Study (CHADS) is a prospective, longitudinal investigation of children, sampled from the general community aged 9-11 years and assessed biennially, who present premorbid risk markers for schizophrenia. The study aims to characterise developmental trajectories of psychological, cognitive, and biological functioning in atrisk children and identify potential targets for early preventative intervention. This review summarises CHADS findings, discusses these in the context of recent theory regarding aetiology and prevention of schizophrenia, and highlights challenges to be addressed with future research. Methods We review (1) epidemiological information on the prevalence and correlates of developmental antecedents of schizophrenia in the general child population, (2) evidence of psychosocial, cognitive, and biological dysfunctions in at-risk children presenting multiple antecedents of schizophrenia and at-risk children with a family history of schizophrenia, and (3) related findings from an associated sample of helpseeking children receiving intervention. Results Community-based screening of 9-11-year olds identified *9 % with a triad of antecedents of schizophrenia [including psychotic-like experiences (PLEs)] who are putatively at-risk of psychosis; these children reported greater exposure and responsivity to stressors, impairments in general intelligence and specific cognitive functions, brain structure and function abnormalities, and neuromotor dysfunction. Preliminary evidence suggests distressing PLEs are a viable target for cognitive-behavioural intervention in at-risk children. Conclusions Intervention in early, premorbid phases of illness might alleviate current difficulties and avert future schizophrenia using benign treatments. The CHADS programme has identified several markers that may index early pathophysiology and constitute potential targets for preventative intervention.

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Neurocognitive performance in children aged 9–12years who present putative antecedents of schizophrenia

Cited by 42 publications

References 42 publications

Temporal Lobe Volume Abnormalities Precede the Prodrome: A Study of Children Presenting Antecedents of Schizophrenia

Temporal Lobe Volume Abnormalities Precede the Prodrome: A Study of Children Presenting Antecedents of Schizophrenia

Psychotic experiences in the population: Association with functioning and mental distress

Toward earlier identification and preventative intervention in schizophrenia: evidence from the London Child Health and Development Study

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