Neurocognitive Functioning in AD/HD, Predominantly Inattentive and Combined Subtypes

Solanto, Mary V.; Gilbert, Sharone N.; Raj, Anu; Zhu, Jintian; Pope-Boyd, Sabrina; Stepak, Brenda; Vail, Lucia; Newcorn, Jeffrey H.

doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9170-z

Cited by 37 publications

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“…In our opinion, the patients with ADHD combined presents difficulties with the two systems, "arousal" and "activation" and this can be understood by the difficulty in separating the subtypes of ADHD predominantly inattentive and combined, what was also observed by others authors [20][21][22] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Reaction time assessment in children with ADHD

Bolfer

Casella

Baldo

et al. 2010

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Attention deficit, impulsivity and hyperactivity are the cardinal features of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but executive function (EF) disorders, as problems with inhibitory control, working memory and reaction time, besides others EFs, may underlie many of the disturbs associated with the disorder. Objective: To examine the reaction time in a computerized test in children with ADHD and normal controls. Method: Twenty-three boys (aged 9 to 12) with ADHD diagnosis according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, 2000 (DSM-IV) criteria clinical, without comorbidities, Intelligence Quotient (IQ) ≥89, never treated with stimulant and fifteen normal controls, age matched were investigated during performance on a voluntary attention psychophysical test. Results: Children with ADHD showed reaction time higher than normal controls. Conclusion: A slower reaction time occurred in our patients with ADHD. This findings may be related to problems with the attentional system, that could not maintain an adequate capacity of perceptual input processes and/or in motor output processes, to respond consistently during continuous or repetitive activity. Key words: ADHD, executive functions, inhibitory reaction, reaction time and working memory.Avaliação do tempo de reação em crianças portadoras do transtorno do déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TdAh) RESUMO Déficit de atenção, impulsividade e hiperatividade são os pontos cardinais do transtorno do déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH), mas as desordens da função executiva (FE) tais como os problemas no controle inibitório, memória operacional e tempo de reação, dentre outras funções executivas (FEs) podem estar subjacentes a muitos distúrbios associados a esta desordem. Objetivo: Avaliar o tempo de reação em meninos portadores do TDAH. Método: Participaram 23 pacientes do sexo masculino, de idade entre 9 a 12 anos de idade, com diagnóstico de TDAH sem co-morbidades, estabelecido segundo os critérios do Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), com Quoeficiente Intelectual (QI) ≥89, que não tivessem sido medicados para o TDAH. Grupo controle, seguindo os mesmos critérios em relação ao sexo, idade, QI. O teste utilizado foi o teste psicofísico da atenção voluntária (TPAV). Resultados: Os pacientes do TDAH apresentaram maior tempo de reação na execução do teste em relação aos controles. Conclusão: O tempo de reação apresentou-se mais lento em nossos pacientes portadores de TDAH. Estes achados podem estar relacionados aos problemas do sistema atencional; este grupo não pôde manter uma adequada capacidade de percepção de dados processados e/ou, em responder regularmente durante atividades contínuas ou repetitivas. Palavras-chave: TDAH, funções executivas, inibição de resposta, tempo de reação e memória operacional. CorrespondenceCristiana Bolfer Avenida Rio Branco 917 / Zona 05 87015-380 Maringá PR -Brasil

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Reaction time assessment in children with ADHD

Bolfer

Casella

Baldo

et al. 2010

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…Fourth, like others [Martel et al, 2007], we have used a total symptom score for ADHD. Some studies find that the inattentive, hyperactive and impulsive subtypes may show different neurocognitive profiles [Nigg, 2005;Solanto et al, 2007]. Thus, a research design examining simultaneously CD and ADHD subtypes in clinical samples may be warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neurocognition of conduct disorder behaviors: specificity to physical aggression and theft after controlling for ADHD symptoms

Barker¹,

Tremblay²,

Lier³

et al. 2010

Aggr. Behav.

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There is growing evidence that among the different conduct disorder (CD) behaviors, physical aggression, but not theft, links to low neurocognitive abilities. Specifically, physical aggression has consistently been found to be negatively related to neurocognitive abilities, whereas theft has been shown to be either positively or not related to neurocognition. The specificity of these links needs further examination because attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) links to both physical aggression and neurocognitive variation. The development of self-reported physical aggression and theft, from age 11 to 17 years, was studied in a prospective at-risk male cohort via a dual process latent growth curve model. Seven neurocognitive tests at age 20 were regressed on the growth parameters of physical aggression and theft. The links between neurocognition and the growth parameters of physical aggression and theft were adjusted for ADHD symptoms at ages 11 and 15 (parent, child and teacher reports). Results indicated that verbal abilities were negatively related to physical aggression while they were positively associated with theft. However, inductive reasoning was negatively associated with increases in theft across adolescence. Symptoms of ADHD accounted for part of the neurocognitive test links with physical aggression but did not account for the associations with theft. These differences emphasize the importance of examining specific CD behaviors to better understand their neurodevelopmental mechanisms. They also suggest that youth who engage in different levels of physical aggression or theft behaviors may require different preventive and corrective interventions.Correspondence to:

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“…A recent review concluded that, on the basis of existing data, one of the most robust motivational markers in ADHD was a preference for smaller sooner (SS) over larger later (LL) rewards (Luman, Oosterlaan, & Sergeant, 2005). This pattern of choice has been shown in most (e.g., Antrop et al, 2006;Bitsakou, Psychogiou, Thompson, & Sonuga-Barke, 2009;Dalen, SonugaBarke, & Remington, 2004;Hoerger & Mace, 2006;Kuntsi, Oosterlaan, & Stevenson, 2001;Schweitzer & Sulzer-Azaroff, 1995;Solanto et al, 2001;Sonuga-Barke, Taylor, Sembi, & Smith, 1992), but not all (Bidwell, Willcutt, DeFries, & Pennington, 2007;Scheres et al, 2006;Solanto et al, 2007) studies of ADHD using SS versus LL choice paradigms. A recent meta-analysis reported a pooled effect size for case-control differences of a similar magnitude to those seen for executive function measures .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Delay and reward choice in ADHD: An experimental test of the role of delay aversion.

et al. 2009

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Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) choose smaller sooner (SS) over larger later (LL) rewards more than controls. Here we assess the contributions of impulsive drive for immediate rewards (IDIR) and delay aversion (DAv) to this pattern. We also explore the characteristics of, and the degree of familiality in, ADHD SS responders. We had 360 ADHD probands; 349 siblings and 112 controls (aged between 6 to 17 years) chose between SS (1 point after 2 s) and LL reward (2 points after 30 s) outcomes on the Maudsley Index of Delay Aversion (Kuntsi, Oosterlaan, Stevenson, 2001): Under one condition SS choice led to less overall trial delay under another it did not. ADHD participants chose SS more than controls under both conditions. This effect was larger when SS choice reduced trial delay. ADHD SS responders were younger, had lower IQ, more conduct disorder and had siblings who were more likely to be SS responders themselves. The results support a dual component model in which both IDIR and DAv contribute to SS choice in ADHD. SS choice may be a marker of an ADHD motivational subtype. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved).

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Neurocognitive Functioning in AD/HD, Predominantly Inattentive and Combined Subtypes

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Reaction time assessment in children with ADHD

Reaction time assessment in children with ADHD

The neurocognition of conduct disorder behaviors: specificity to physical aggression and theft after controlling for ADHD symptoms

Delay and reward choice in ADHD: An experimental test of the role of delay aversion.

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