Neurocognitive and functional outcomes at 5 years of age after renal transplant in early childhood

Factors Affecting Neurocognitive Function in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review

“…From this study, we found that several factors that affect the neurocognitive function of children with CKD include the parent’s education, especially maternal education in the study of Zyada et al, 13 Kogon et al, 14 and Molnar-Varga et al 15 In relation with the modalities, studies from Johnson et al, 16 and Molnar-Varga et al 15 showed that in general, children with CKD children with kidney transplantation had a better neurocognitive outcome. In children with CKD, a longer duration of HD was also found to be associated with poorer neurocognitive outcomes in a study by Popel et al, 17 Zyada et al, 13 and Molnar-Varga et al 15 In a control study, patients with renal impairment showed poorer neurocognitive function than normal children by Zyada et al, 13 Johnson et al, 16 and Molnar-Varga et al 15 Several factors that can affect the neurocognitive function of children with CKD include depression, history of abnormal births, seizures, and hypertension. From all included studies, it was found that the neurocognitive function domains which affected by CKD varied, but generally, the affected domains were attention, visual-spatial, visual working memory, verbal function, and executive function.…”

“… 16 FSIQ, academic function, and executive function are lower than the control group Shorter duration of dialysis and younger age at transplant are associated with better outcomes in executive function, memory, and academic achievement Stage V PD in all patients at early treatment, then 2 patients changed to HD Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) Wechsler Individual Achievement Test Second Edition—Abbreviated (WIAT-II- A) Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning, Second Edition (WRAML2) Behavior Rating of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) 12 patients with ESRD in the first 16 months United States Cross Sectional United States 2013 Johnson et al 14 Long-term neurocognitive outcomes of patients with end-stage renal disease during infancy. 14 The group with CKD had lower scores in all neurocognitive domains, with statistically significant domains were attention, memory (including verbal, visual, short-term memory, working memory), visual spatial, inhibitory control Neurocognitive performance was better in patients with higher eGFR, with significant differences in the domains of attention, visual spatial, visual working memory Higher blood pressure is associated with poorer performance in language and verbal memory Stage II–V Conventional Hemodialysis Kidney Transplant NA There are 11 domains assessed: attention, language, verbal memory, verbal working memory, visual memory, visual spatial, visual working memory, executive function, inhibitory function, problem solving, set shift 162 patients aged 8–25 years United States (Philadelphia) Cross Sectional United States (Philadelphia) 2015 Ruebner et al 17 Neurocognitive dysfunction in children, adolescents, and young adults with CKD. 17 The duration of CKD affects the executive function of the inhibitory domain and concentration Higher family income and better maternal education showed better working memory component assessment results NA Conventional Conner’s Continuous Performance Test II (CPT-II) Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Tower Task (DKEFS) …”

“… 14 The group with CKD had lower scores in all neurocognitive domains, with statistically significant domains were attention, memory (including verbal, visual, short-term memory, working memory), visual spatial, inhibitory control Neurocognitive performance was better in patients with higher eGFR, with significant differences in the domains of attention, visual spatial, visual working memory Higher blood pressure is associated with poorer performance in language and verbal memory Stage II–V Conventional Hemodialysis Kidney Transplant NA There are 11 domains assessed: attention, language, verbal memory, verbal working memory, visual memory, visual spatial, visual working memory, executive function, inhibitory function, problem solving, set shift 162 patients aged 8–25 years United States (Philadelphia) Cross Sectional United States (Philadelphia) 2015 Ruebner et al 17 Neurocognitive dysfunction in children, adolescents, and young adults with CKD. 17 The duration of CKD affects the executive function of the inhibitory domain and concentration Higher family income and better maternal education showed better working memory component assessment results NA Conventional Conner’s Continuous Performance Test II (CPT-II) Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Tower Task (DKEFS) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Fourth Edition (WISC IV) 340 children aged 6–21 years North America Cross Sectional North America 2015 Mendley et al 18 Duration of chronic kidney disease reduces attention and executive function in pediatric patients. 18 Transplant patients, compared to controls, have lower IQs in all aspects, and have better scores on verbal skills, with the lowest skill on cognitive efficiency.…”

The role of neuroimmune and inflammation in pediatric uremia-induced neuropathy

“…Neurologic complications contribute largely to the disability and mortality in patients with kidney failure. The age of onset and duration of CDK may influence neurocognitive and functional outcomes ( 41 ). Early life is an important period for the rapid proliferation and myelination of glial cells, and any significant insult can have enduring effects on neural structure and function ( 42 , 43 ).…”

Hearing assessment in Egyptian children with chronic renal failure on regular hemodialysis and renal transplantation children

“…Renal transplantation considers the treatment of choice for ESRD. Pediatric post‐transplant survival rates are high, emphasizing the importance of examining long‐term functional and cognitive outcomes [1].…”