Neurobiology of Tourette Syndrome

Unal, D; Akdemir, Devrim

doi:10.5080/u13640

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Данные патологоанатомических и нейровизуализационных исследований в гетерогенных группах пациентов и исследованиях на животных подтверждают патологическое вовлечение кортико-стриато-таламо-кортикальных взаимодействий. При этом наиболее вероятной причиной возникновения СТ является дофаминергическая дисфункция [22]. Также считается, что в основе возникновения тиков лежит два механизма.…”

Section: резюме _____________________________________________________...unclassified

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: A Literature Review

Мирзоян¹,

Куликова²,

Лихачев³

2023

Неврология И Нейрохирургия. Восточная Европа

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Транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция (ТМС) является неинвазивным методом стимуляции головного мозга, основанным на явлении электромагнитной индукции. В настоящее время использование ТМС одобрено FDA для лечения депрессии, мигрени, обсессивно-компульсивного расстройства и никотиновой зависимости. Исследования с использованием ТМС проводятся в неврологии и психиатрии для заболеваний, характеризующихся чрезмерной или недостаточной фокальной активностью коры головного мозга, например, синдрома Туретта (СТ). СТ представляет собой хроническое двигательное расстройство, характеризующееся наличием множественных моторных и минимум одного вокального тика. Терапией первой линии при СТ является поведенческая, при отсутствии эффекта – медикаментозная. Применение лекарственных средств не всегда способно полностью устранить симптомы заболевания, при этом эффективными препаратами считаются те, которые уменьшают количество тиков на 25–50 процентов. Лечение СТ с использованием ТМС является перспективным направлением в неврологии и психиатрии. Ранее проведенные исследования продемонстрировали, что применение ТМС при СТ наиболее эффективно при таких сопутствующих расстройствах, как синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности, обсессивно-компульсивное расстройство. Проведение диагностической ТМС у пациентов с СТ установило укорочение периода коркового молчания, что указывает на снижение моторного торможения и предполагает возможную эффективность низкочастотной ТМС. Среди целевых областей стимуляции можно выделить добавочную моторную и теменную кору (P3 и P4), учитывая вовлеченность данных структур головного мозга в формирование тика по данным функциональной МРТ. В данной работе представлен анализ публикаций, найденных по запросу «Transcranial magnetic stimulation and Tourette syndrome», опубликованных на ресурсах PubMed.gov и ClinicalTrials.gov, проанализированы результаты 10 исследований лечения СТ с применением ТМС, отражены используемые протоколы, точки стимуляции, дизайн исследований, а также эффективность данного вида терапии в каждом из исследований. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive method of brain stimulating by electromagnetic induction. Currently, the use of TMS is approved by the FDA for the treatment of depression, migraine, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and nicotine addiction. Examinations using TMS can be useful in neurology and psychiatry for diseases with excessive or insufficient focal activity of the cerebral cortex, such as Tourette’s syndrome (TS). TS is a chronic movement disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic. Behavioral therapy is the first-line therapy for TS. Pharmacotherapy is used if behavioral therapy is ineffective. The use of medications is not always effective in eliminating symptoms of the disease completely; meanwhile, effective medical products are considered those reducing tics by about 25–50 percent. TMS for treatment TS is a promising direction in neurology and psychiatry. The use of TMS for TS is most effective in comorbid disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obsessive- compulsive disorder. Patients with TS show a shortened cortical silent period, reflecting decreased motor inhibition and suggesting a promising efficacy of low-frequency TMS. According to functional magnetic resonance imaging findings, supplementary motor area and parietal cortex are the target sites for treatment in TS. This paper presents an analysis of publications found on the query “Transcranial magnetic stimulation and Tourette syndrome”, published on the resources PubMed.gov and ClinicalTrials.gov. We found and analyzed 10 studies on the treatment of TS with TMS, presenting protocols used, stimulation points, studies design, as well as the effectiveness of this type of therapy in each study.

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Section: резюме _____________________________________________________...unclassified

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: A Literature Review

Мирзоян¹,

Куликова²,

Лихачев³

2023

Неврология И Нейрохирургия. Восточная Европа

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“…Although we can not indicate any specific and net etiology for this condition, several neurotransmitters are concerned which involved in pathogenesis (2). Tourette syndrome is characterized by vocal and motor tics in chronic condition (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Aripiprazole or Risperidone for Tourette’s Disorder in Children and Adolescents? Efficacy and Impact on Weight Comparative study of therapeutic efficacy and body mass index of risperidone and Aripiprazole in children and adolescents with Tourette’s syndrome

Soltanifar¹,

Lashkarnevis²,

Ziaee³

et al. 2021

PJMHS

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Introduction: Due to the high prevalence of Tourette’s disorder among children and adolescents and its negative consequences, an appropriate and effective medical treatment with minimal complications is necessary. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the effects of Aripiprazole and Risperidone on Tourette’s disorders in both children and adolescents. Method: The statistical population of this clinical trial was children and adolescents aged from seven to eighteen years old. They were diagnosed with the Tourette’s disorders based on the DSM-V criteria by the clinical interview of a child and adolescent psychiatrist in the child Psychiatry clinic of Ibn-e-Sina's Psychiatric Hospital (Mashhad-Iran) in 2018. A total of forty participants were selected by the convenience sampling method, and they were randomly divided into two groups treated by medicines, named as Risperidone or Aripiprazole for two months. Then, the demographic information questionnaire was completed. The Y-GTSS Scale was completed. Clinical Effect Rating Scale (CGI-Tics Scale) was completed. Calculation of body mass index and medical side effects complications were completed. The evaluation was carried out both at the beginning and on second, fourth and eighth weeks, and the results were compared. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 14) through using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and variance analysis. Results: The two groups were homogeneous for demographic variables. There was no significant difference in BMI between the two groups. Despite the positive effect of both medicines, no significant difference was observed among the general scores of such disorders, the overall score of severity, Tourette’s recovery, and BMI of these two groups at the intervals and at the end of treatments. (p <0.05). Due to the low number of complications reported, statistical comparisons of the medical side effects were not done for us Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that the two medicines, Aripiprazole and Risperidone, were effective in improving the symptoms of Tourette’s disorders and its overall severity. However, there was no significant statistical differences between them. In terms of the medical side effects, the statistical comparison between the two medicines was not possible due to the small number of complications. Keywords: tic, Tourette’s syndrome, Aripiprazole, Risperidone

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“…Available evidence also supports involvement of cortico–striatal–thalamo–cortical (CSTC) circuits and their interconnecting brain regions in the pathophysiology of tics [3]. Several neurotransmitters, including dopamine, GABA and glutamate, play an important role within CSTC circuitry and have been proposed to have roles in both habitual behavior formation and in the pathophysiology of tics [4–8]. Multiple neurotransmitter abnormalities and their signaling may also lead to dysfunction of the CSTC neural network and subsequent clinical manifestations of TS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized controlled clinical trial comparing the efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole and sodium valproate in the treatment of Tourette syndrome

Tao

Zhong

et al. 2019

Ann Gen Psychiatry

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Objective This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of sodium valproate and aripiprazole in the treatment of Tourette syndrome (TS). Method 24 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of TS from the Jiamusi Central Hospital between January 2014 and August 2017 were randomly divided into sodium valproate group and aripiprazole group according to the order of clinic visits and treated for 10 days. Tic severity was rated using the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale for tics (CGI-Tics) and the adverse reactions were valued using the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) at baseline and at each follow-up visit. Results The TTS score in the YGTSS scale decreased over time in both groups while the aripiprazole group was significantly higher on the 5th day (p < 0.05) and 10th day (p < 0.05) than the sodium valproate group. There was no significant difference in TESS score between the two groups. Conclusions The study indicates that the patients treated with sodium valproate injection have a faster onset time than the patients treated with oral aripiprazole in controlling tics.

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Neurobiology of Tourette Syndrome

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: A Literature Review

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: A Literature Review

Aripiprazole or Risperidone for Tourette’s Disorder in Children and Adolescents? Efficacy and Impact on Weight Comparative study of therapeutic efficacy and body mass index of risperidone and Aripiprazole in children and adolescents with Tourette’s syndrome

Randomized controlled clinical trial comparing the efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole and sodium valproate in the treatment of Tourette syndrome

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