Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction

Volkow, Nora D.; Koob, George F.; McLellan, A. Thomas

doi:10.1056/nejmra1511480

Cited by 1,393 publications

(1,014 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

889

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Algunos factores que incrementan la vulnerabilidad a las adicciones incluyen la historia familiar (herencia y estilos de crianza), el acercamiento a edades tempranas al uso de drogas, las exposiciones a ambientes de alto riesgo, las carencias sociales relacionadas con la pobreza o con el exceso de riqueza económica asociadas a la ausencia o negligencia en la supervisión parental y, por último, los antecedentes de enfermedad mental o sintomatología psiquiátrica. Las personas que consumen sustancias y progresan en la enfermedad de la adicción presentan cambios neurobiológicos profundos y en muchos casos permanentes cuando no acceden a tratamientos médicos validados (Becoña-Iglesias, 2002;Marín-Navarrete et al, 2013;Villatoro et al, 2014;Volkow, Koob, & McLellan, 2016).…”

Section: Abaabbbabbunclassified

“…Esta atenuación deja al cerebro sensible a la estimulación tanto de las recompensas relacionadas con drogas como de las no asociadas con ellas. La exposición repetida a los efectos de la dopamina conduce a adaptaciones en los circuitos de la amígdala basal; éstas producen un incremento en la reactividad de una persona para destacar y dar lugar a la aparición de emociones negativas (Volkow & Morales, 2015;Volkow et al, 2016).…”

Section: Síndrome De Abstinenciaunclassified

“…Para desarrollar nuestra propuesta se aplicó un modelo estocástico (modelo de Markov) para el fenómeno del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y las adicciones; se tomaron como base los modelos neurobiológicos propuestos por Volkow (Koob & Volkow, 2010;Volkow et al, 2016;Volkow et al, 2003).…”

Section: Propuesta De Matematización: Modelaje Matemáti-co (Cadenas Dunclassified

“…La susceptibilidad está influida por variables neurobiológicas y ambientales que contribuyen a que un individuo comience cambios graduales y continuos en el cerebro que lo llevarán a desarrollar la enfermedad (Becoña-Iglesias, 2002;Marín-Navarrete et al, 2013;Villatoro et al, 2014;Volkow et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discusión Y Conclusionesunclassified

See 3 more Smart Citations

Modelaje matemático del modelo neurobiológico de las adicciones

Mendoza¹,

Muñoz-Sánchez²,

Alvarado-Vargas³

et al. 2016

RIIAD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: addiction is considered a central nervous system disease that consists of three stages: intoxication, withdrawal and craving. The neurobiological model of addictions proposed by Volkow et al. (2003) includes the states of control, memory, motivation and reward, however, in order to generate an explicit and universal solution to this disease is necessary to mathematize theoretical models. Objective: to propose and to develop the mathematization of a stochastic model using Markov Chains in the phenomenon of psychoactive substances and addiction. Method: mathematization of a stochastic model using Markov Chains and differential equations. Results: using Markov Chains, models of two brains were compared, one healthy (no consumer of psychoactive substances) against one of a person with addiction and through transition probabilities we observed differences from one model to another. Differential equations were used to estimate the time of the effect of a drug in the body and combined with trigonometric equations we sought to estimate the best function to continue with an addiction and relapse. Discussion and conclusions: the obtained mathematical modeling indicates that the neurobiological model of addictions may be represented by a Markov Chain inhomogeneous. In the case of a healthy brain, it can pass with equal probability (p = 1/3) from one state to another, in the case of a person with addiction, the transition probabilities depend on time, drug type, dose and route of administration.

show abstract

Section: Abaabbbabbunclassified

Section: Síndrome De Abstinenciaunclassified

Section: Propuesta De Matematización: Modelaje Matemáti-co (Cadenas Dunclassified

Section: Discusión Y Conclusionesunclassified

See 2 more Smart Citations

Modelaje matemático del modelo neurobiológico de las adicciones

Mendoza¹,

Muñoz-Sánchez²,

Alvarado-Vargas³

et al. 2016

RIIAD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Executive abilities are generally believed to be localized within the subregions of the prefrontal cortex and related circuitry [4,5]. A significant literature links deficits in executive function and drug addiction and this relationship is now viewed by many as integral to the development and maintenance of drug addiction [6,7] as deficits in executive function have been found to both predate the development of addiction [8,9] as well as worsen as a function of repeated drug exposure [10]. Moreover, structural and functional imaging studies have linked addiction with changes in the prefrontal cortex and impaired performance among drug addicted individuals has been observed on neuropsychological tests of executive function [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Executive Function Following Short-Term Tobacco Cessation Therapy in College Students

Meil¹,

Sesti²,

Desai³

et al. 2017

J Addict Res Ther

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Evidence has been accumulating regarding the role of executive deficits in nicotine addiction; however, little is known as to whether executive abilities change as a function of treatment for nicotine dependence. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether executive function improves following short-term tobacco cessation therapy. Methods:College students (N=17) expressing an interest in tobacco cessation therapy involving Motivational Interviewing Therapy with or without the nicotine patch were administered the self-report Frontal Systems Behavioral Scale (FrSBe), the performance-based Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) and the Fagerstrom Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) prior to treatment and approximately 1.5 months later. A group of non-smoking college students (N=19) was also administered the same measures of executive function across the same time period.Results: Prior to treatment smokers had significantly higher FrSBe Apathy subscale scores compared to nonsmokers. Acute tobacco cessation therapy significantly decreased nicotine dependence as measured by the FTDN. After controlling for pre-treatment scores, a significant difference emerged between tobacco cessation participants and non-smoking controls on post-test FrSBe Disinhibition scores. Post hoc analyses revealed a significant improvement in FrSBe Disinhibition scores among tobacco cessation participants, but no change among nonsmokers. Conclusion:While caution is warranted due to the small sample size of this study, these results suggest selfreport measures of executive function maybe more sensitive to executive deficits among smokers and change following short-term tobacco cessation therapy, particularly measures indicative of an improved ability to inhibit impulses and behavior. These results also highlight the multidimensional nature of executive function.

show abstract

Ethical Imperatives to Overcome Stigma Against People With Substance Use Disorders

Adams¹,

Volkow

2020

AMA Journal of Ethics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Responding to the public health crisis in the United States resulting from untreated opioid use disorder (OUD) requires expanding delivery of effective treatments, including medications, and eliminating stigma against people with OUD and people seeking OUD treatment. Stigma discourages people with substance use disorders from seeking care and compromises the care they receive when they do seek it. Stigma against both medication treatments for OUD and harm-reduction approaches like syringe services programs has created additional barriers to these strategies' acceptance and use. It is ethically incumbent upon everyone in medicine and health care to recognize addiction not as a moral failing but as a treatable disease.

show abstract

Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction

Cited by 1,393 publications

References 54 publications

Modelaje matemático del modelo neurobiológico de las adicciones

Modelaje matemático del modelo neurobiológico de las adicciones

Changes in Executive Function Following Short-Term Tobacco Cessation Therapy in College Students

Ethical Imperatives to Overcome Stigma Against People With Substance Use Disorders

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About