Neuroanatomical Evidence for Distinct Cognitive and Affective Components of Self

Moran, Joseph; Macrae, C. Neil; Heatherton, Todd F.; Wyland, Carrie L.; Kelley, William M.

doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.9.1586

Cited by 455 publications

(468 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The cognitive component of the task (that is 'like me/not like me') engaged the MPFC irrespective of the valence of the trait word, whereas the affective component of the task (that is 'favourable/unfavourable') was resolved in ventral anterior cingulate cortex. 10 Taken together, 7,8,10 the above findings implicate medial frontal, cingulate, parietal cortex and precuneus in tasks that require self-referential processing of personality-trait words.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Recent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) [7][8][9][10] and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 11 studies have identified medial prefrontal (MPFC), parietal and occipital cortex as part of an extended network of brain regions involved in the categorization and recognition of positive and negative personality-trait words processed in a selfreferential manner. For example, increased blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activity in parietal and occipital regions has been hypothesized to reflect enhanced attentional processes to biologically significant or personally relevant events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 In addition, previous work has noted the involvement of the MPFC, premotor, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and precuneus during tasks that require self reference. 7,8,10,13 Activation in these regions during selfreferential processing may reflect a number of cognitive processes including attention, elaboration, rehearsal and appraisal/evaluation of emotion 14 processes that are targeted in psychotherapy to guide self regulation of emotional experience. 7 Successful recognition of self-encoded personality-trait words has also been shown to reactivate right MPFC, as well as lateral prefrontal, premotor, parietal, anterior cingulate cortex and precuneus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 However, the precise function of MPFC during self-referential processing remains unclear. For example, in a recent fMRI study, Moran et al 10 demonstrated that distinct neural circuits within prefrontal cortex subserve the cognitive and emotional aspects of self-referential processing of personality-trait words. The cognitive component of the task (that is 'like me/not like me') engaged the MPFC irrespective of the valence of the trait word, whereas the affective component of the task (that is 'favourable/unfavourable') was resolved in ventral anterior cingulate cortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of reboxetine on emotional processing in healthy volunteers: an fMRI study

et al. 2007

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Recent neuropsychological studies in healthy volunteers suggest that antidepressants enhance the processing of positive emotional information. However, the neural substrates underpinning these changes have not been fully elucidated. The current study, therefore, used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to map brain systems activated during successful categorization and subsequent recognition of self-referent positive and negative personality characteristics in healthy volunteers following short-term (7 days) repeated administration of the selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor reboxetine. Twenty-four healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to 7-day double-blind intervention with reboxetine or placebo. On day 7, neural responses during the categorization and subsequent recognition of positive and negative characteristics were assessed using fMRI. Questionnaires monitoring mood, hostility and anxiety were given before and during this intervention. During categorization, reboxetine was associated with greater activation to positive words, relative to negative words, in left precuneus and right inferior frontal gyrus. By contrast, at subsequent recognition reboxetine was associated with reduced response to positive words, relative to negative words, in left precuneus, anterior cingulate and medial frontal gyrus. These changes in the neural processing of positive and negative words occurred in the absence of significant differences in ratings of mood and anxiety. Such adaptations in the neural processing of emotional information support the hypothesis that antidepressants have early effects on emotional processing in a manner which would be expected to reverse negative biases in depression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of reboxetine on emotional processing in healthy volunteers: an fMRI study

et al. 2007

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“…However, the mechanisms in the brain that might mediate the influence of our affiliation to a group on our responses to the behavior of another person, have not previously been explored. Notably, the effects are in a similar region to those identified in studies examining self‐related processing, including self‐reflection and studies showing effects of similarity on neural responses when people made judgments about other people (Ames, Jenkins, Banaji, & Mitchell, 2008; Cikara et al., 2014; Jenkins & Mitchell, 2011; Kelley et al., 2002; Mitchell, Macrae, & Banaji, 2006; Moran, Macrae, Heatherton, Wyland, & Kelley, 2006) and also depend on the degree to which individuals shift their behaviors to conform with others (Apps & Ramnani, 2017). This raises the possibility that activity in response to others in this region may become more similar to self when interacting with ingroup members, and that this mergence is greater when an individual is highly fused to the group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not on my team: Medial prefrontal cortex responses to ingroup fusion and unfair monetary divisions

et al. 2018

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ObjectivePeople are highly attuned to fairness, with people willingly suffering personal costs to prevent others benefitting from unfair acts. Are fairness judgments influenced by group alignments? A new theory posits that we favor ingroups and denigrate members of rival outgroups when our personal identity is fused to a group. Although the mPFC has been separately implicated in group membership and fairness processing, it is unclear whether group alignments affect medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity in response to fairness. Here, we examine the contribution of different regions of the mPFC to processing from ingroup and outgroup members and test whether its response differs depending on how fused we are to an ingroup.MethodsSubjects performed rounds of the Ultimatum Game, being offered fair or unfair divisions of money from supporters of the same soccer team (ingroup), the fiercest rival (outgroup) or neutral individuals whilst undergoing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).ResultsStrikingly, people willingly suffered personal costs to prevent outgroup members benefitting from both unfair and fair offers. Activity across dorsal and ventral (VMPFC) portions of the mPFC reflected an interaction between fairness and group membership. VMPFC activity in particular was consistent with it coding one's fusion to a group, with the fairness by group membership interaction correlating with the extent that the responder's identity was fused to the ingroup.ConclusionsThe influence of fusion on social behavior therefore seems to be linked to processing in the VMPFC.

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Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Error Processing Dysfunctions in Major Depressive Disorder

Holmes

Pizzagalli

2008

Arch Gen Psychiatry

247

231

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Unmedicated patients with MDD showed reduced accuracy and potentiated error-related negativity immediately after committing errors, highlighting dysfunctions in the automatic detection of unfavorable performance outcomes. New analytic procedures allowed us to show that abnormal reaction to committing errors was accompanied by hyperactivation in rostral ACC and medial PFC regions 80 milliseconds after committing errors and a failure to recruit dorsolateral PFC-based cognitive control. Future studies are warranted to investigate whether these dysfunctions might foster the emergence and maintenance of negative processing biases and thus increase vulnerability to depression.

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Neuroanatomical Evidence for Distinct Cognitive and Affective Components of Self

Cited by 455 publications

References 25 publications

The effects of reboxetine on emotional processing in healthy volunteers: an fMRI study

The effects of reboxetine on emotional processing in healthy volunteers: an fMRI study

Not on my team: Medial prefrontal cortex responses to ingroup fusion and unfair monetary divisions

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Error Processing Dysfunctions in Major Depressive Disorder

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