Neuro-ophthalmological study of late yaws and pinta. II. The Caracas project.

Smith, J. Lawton; David, Noble J.; Indgin, Sidney N.; Israel, C W; Levine, Benjamin; Justice, Johnny; McCrary, John A.; Medina, R.; Solano-Páez, Palma; Santana, Ewaldo Éder Carvalho; Sarkar, Manabendra; Schatz, Norman J.; Spitzer, M L; Spitzer, W O; Walter, E K

doi:10.1136/sti.47.4.226

Cited by 41 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Although infected baboons showed no signs of infection, the treponemes isolated from these animals were able to infect hamsters (Fribourg-Blanc and Mollaret, 1969). Moreover, experimental infection, using humans, revealed that humans could also be infected (Smith, 1971; Smith et al, 1971). A close relationship between the Fribourg-Blanc treponemes and TPE strains has been found by Gray et al (2006), based on the phylogeny of the tprC and tprI genes.…”

Section: Genetic Differences Between Human T Pallidum Subspecies mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity in Treponema pallidum: Implications for pathogenesis, evolution and molecular diagnostics of syphilis and yaws

Šmajs

Norris

Weinstock³

2012

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

103

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Pathogenic uncultivable treponemes, similar to syphilis-causing Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum, include T. pallidum ssp. pertenue, T. pallidum ssp. endemicum and Treponema carateum, which cause yaws, bejel and pinta, respectively. Genetic analyses of these pathogens revealed striking similarity among these bacteria and also a high degree of similarity to the rabbit pathogen, T. paraluiscuniculi, a treponeme not infectious to humans. Genome comparisons between pallidum and non-pallidum treponemes revealed genes with potential involvement in human infectivity, whereas comparisons between pallidum and pertenue treponemes identified genes possibly involved in the high invasivity of syphilis treponemes. Genetic variability within syphilis strains is considered as the basis of syphilis molecular epidemiology with potential to detect more virulent strains, whereas genetic variability within a single strain is related to its ability to elude the immune system of the host. Genome analyses also shed light on treponemal evolution and on chromosomal targets for molecular diagnostics of treponemal infections.

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Section: Genetic Differences Between Human T Pallidum Subspecies mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity in Treponema pallidum: Implications for pathogenesis, evolution and molecular diagnostics of syphilis and yaws

Šmajs

Norris

Weinstock³

2012

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

103

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“…The T. pallidum subspecies and the Fribourg-Blanc treponeme are morphologically indistinguishable by immunofluorescence or electron microscopy (9,14,19,31) and induce similar histopathological changes and cross-reactive antibodies, indicating a high level of antigenic relatedness (3,4,10,12,14,27,30,33,34,36,37). We have earlier reported a singlebase-pair change in the 5Ј-flanking region of the tpp15 gene (6), which introduces an Eco47III restriction site and permits the differentiation of T. pallidum subsp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It affects various species of primates, and its geographical distribution overlaps with regions where yaws is endemic in Western Africa (13). In 1971, Smith et al showed that the Fribourg-Blanc treponeme is able to experimentally infect humans and to cause active infection (34).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Differentiation ofTreponema pallidumSubspecies

Centurión-Lara

Molini²,

Godornes³

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

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Treponema pallidum includes three subspecies of antigenically highly related treponemes. These organisms cause clinically distinct diseases and cannot be distinguished by any existing test. In this report, genetic signatures are identified in two tpr genes which, in combination with the previously published signature in the 5 flanking region of the tpp15 gene, can differentiate the T. pallidum subspecies, as well as a simian treponeme.

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“…The Fribourg-Blanc treponeme was isolated from an African baboon with no signs of clinical infection. Little is known about the pathogenesis of the infection (20); however, experimental inoculations showed that this organism is able to produce an active infection in humans (58,59). Rabbit venereal syphilis (caused by T. paraluiscuniculi) is a milder infection characterized by slightly elevated, scaly patches or eroded sores in the genitals, the anus, and, less frequently, the eyelids, lips, and paws of the animals (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Investigation of the Genomic Regions Involved in Antigenic Variation of the TprK Antigen among Treponemal Species, Subspecies, and Strains

et al. 2012

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bAlthough the three Treponema pallidum subspecies (T. pallidum subsp. pallidum, T. pallidum subsp. pertenue, and T. pallidum subsp. endemicum), Treponema paraluiscuniculi, and the unclassified Fribourg-Blanc treponeme cause clinically distinct diseases, these pathogens are genetically and antigenically highly related and are able to cause persistent infection. Recent evidence suggests that the putative surface-exposed variable antigen TprK plays an important role in both treponemal immune evasion and persistence. tprK heterogeneity is generated by nonreciprocal gene conversion between the tprK expression site and donor sites. Although each of the above-mentioned species and subspecies has a functional tprK antigenic variation system, it is still unclear why the level of expression and the rate at which tprK diversifies during infection can differ significantly among isolates. To identify genomic differences that might affect the generation and expression of TprK variants among these pathogens, we performed comparative sequence analysis of the donor sites, as well as the tprK expression sites, among eight T. pallidum subsp. pallidum isolates (Nichols Gen, Nichols Sea, Chicago, Sea81-4, Dal-1, Street14, UW104, and UW126), three T. pallidum subsp. pertenue isolates (Gauthier, CDC2, and Samoa D), one T. pallidum subsp. endemicum isolate (Iraq B), the unclassified FribourgBlanc isolate, and the Cuniculi A strain of T. paraluiscuniculi. Synteny and sequence conservation, as well as deletions and insertions, were found in the regions harboring the donor sites. These data suggest that the tprK recombination system is harbored within dynamic genomic regions and that genomic differences might be an important key to explain discrepancies in generation and expression of tprK variants among these Treponema isolates.

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Neuro-ophthalmological study of late yaws and pinta. II. The Caracas project.

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic diversity in Treponema pallidum: Implications for pathogenesis, evolution and molecular diagnostics of syphilis and yaws

Genetic diversity in Treponema pallidum: Implications for pathogenesis, evolution and molecular diagnostics of syphilis and yaws

Molecular Differentiation ofTreponema pallidumSubspecies

Comparative Investigation of the Genomic Regions Involved in Antigenic Variation of the TprK Antigen among Treponemal Species, Subspecies, and Strains

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