Neural Substrates of Childhood Anxiety Disorders

Blackford, Jennifer Urbano; Pine, Daniel S.

doi:10.1016/j.chc.2012.05.002

Cited by 132 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…This diversity of outcomes is also reflected in preclinical studies of PS, which often fail to recapitulate social deficits or heightened anxiety (Estanislau and Morato, 2006;Mairesse et al, 2007;Schulz et al, 2011). Given the variability of PS effects on socioemotional behavior, offspring outcomes may be determined by the developmental timing when deficits emerge (Tottenham and Sheridan, 2009;Blackford and Pine, 2012;. Characterizing trajectories of the brain development may help elucidate the mechanisms by which PS confers risk for a diversity of neurodevelopmental disorders and provide potential targets for intervention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Stress Alters the Development of Socioemotional Behavior and Amygdala Neuron Excitability in Rats

Ehrlich

Rainnie

2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Prenatal stress (PS) is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders with diverse ages of onset and socioemotional symptoms. Some PS-linked disorders involve characteristic social deficits, such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia, but PS also promotes anxiety disorders. We propose the diversity of symptoms following PS arises from perturbations to early brain development. To this end, we characterized the effects of PS on the developmental trajectory of physiology of the amygdala, a late-developing center for socioemotional control. We found that PS dampened socioemotional behavior and reduced amygdala neuron excitability in offspring during infancy (at postnatal days (P)10, 14, 17 and 21), preadolescence (day 28), and adulthood (day 60). PS offspring in infancy produced fewer isolation-induced vocalizations and in adulthood exhibited less anxiety-like behavior and deficits in social interaction. PS neurons had a more hyperpolarized resting membrane potential from infancy to adulthood and produced fewer action potentials. Moreover, adult amygdala neurons from PS animals expressed larger action potential afterhyperpolarizations and H-current relative to controls, further limiting excitability. Our results suggest that PS can suppress socioemotional behavior throughout development and produce age-specific alterations to amygdala physiology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Stress Alters the Development of Socioemotional Behavior and Amygdala Neuron Excitability in Rats

Ehrlich

Rainnie

2015

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…189 This is a general overview about pediatric anxiety disorders. More specific and comprehensive reviews about the following topics can be found in the literature: prevalence, 15,[18][19][20] behavioral inhibition, [190][191][192] behavioral genetics, 48,52 genetics, 55,56,193,194 gene vs. environment interplay, 52,70 pathophysiology, 31,71 neural substrates, 71 normal development of fears, 195 psychopharmacological treatment, [196][197][198] and CBT. 164,[199][200][201] Conclusions Anxiety disorders are prevalent, associated with a number of negative life outcomes, and currently underrecognized and under-treated.…”

Section: Preschool Children Treatment and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…77,78 This set of findings suggests that anxiety disorders involve dysfunctional processes in various emotional and cognitive processes, each of which is in turn regulated by several brain regions that may support anxiety disorder pathophysiology. 31,71 Some of the regions include: the amygdala, several portions of the prefrontal cortexparticularly the ventrolateral and dorsomedial divisionsand dysfunctions in the basal ganglia, particularly in patients with OCD. 31,71,79,80 Parenting, life events, and modeling/learning Several studies have linked various environmental factors to risk for anxiety.…”

Section: Pathophysiological Processes and Neural Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…31,71 Some of the regions include: the amygdala, several portions of the prefrontal cortexparticularly the ventrolateral and dorsomedial divisionsand dysfunctions in the basal ganglia, particularly in patients with OCD. 31,71,79,80 Parenting, life events, and modeling/learning Several studies have linked various environmental factors to risk for anxiety. These factors include features of the home, such as overprotective/over-controlling parenting style, 81,82 as well as features that can occur either within or outside of the home, such as stressful life events.…”

Section: Pathophysiological Processes and Neural Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the work in this area focuses on information processing functions involved in emotional processing (in particular threat processing) and cognitive control. 31,71 The state of knowledge about mental processes involved in pediatric anxiety is currently limited. Nevertheless, tentative conclusions about existing relationships can be drawn.…”

Section: Pathophysiological Processes and Neural Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pediatric anxiety disorders: from neuroscience to evidence-based clinical practice

Salum

DeSousa

Rosário

et al. 2013

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

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The objective of this narrative review of the literature is to describe the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders. We aim to guide clinicians in understanding the biology of anxiety disorders and to provide general guidelines for the proper diagnoses and treatment of these conditions early in life. Anxiety disorders are prevalent, associated with a number of negative life outcomes, and currently under-recognized and under-treated. The etiology involves both genes and environmental influences modifying the neural substrate in a complex interplay. Research on pathophysiology is still in its infancy, but some brain regions, such as the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex, have been implicated in fear and anxiety. Current practice is to establish diagnosis based purely on clinical features, derived from clinical interviews with the child, parents, and teachers. Treatment is effective using medication, cognitive behavioral therapy, or a combination of both. An introduction to the neuroscience behind anxiety disorders combined with an evidence-based approach may help clinicians to understand these disorders and treat them properly in childhood.

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Emotion, emotion regulation and emotional disorders: conceptual issues for clinicians and neuroscientists

Stringaris

2015

Rutter's Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

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Neural Substrates of Childhood Anxiety Disorders

Cited by 132 publications

References 171 publications

Prenatal Stress Alters the Development of Socioemotional Behavior and Amygdala Neuron Excitability in Rats

Prenatal Stress Alters the Development of Socioemotional Behavior and Amygdala Neuron Excitability in Rats

Pediatric anxiety disorders: from neuroscience to evidence-based clinical practice

Emotion, emotion regulation and emotional disorders: conceptual issues for clinicians and neuroscientists

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