Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells for Spinal Cord Regeneration

Salewski, Ryan P.; Emrani, Hamideh; Fehlings, Michael G.

doi:10.5772/55054

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Due to secondary processes the size of the injury is increased and damage is prolonged. Tissue is additionally damaged by ischemia, edema, excitotoxicity, shifting of ion concentrations, production of reactive oxygen species, inflammation, necrosis, and demyelination of axons (Salewski et al, 2013 ; Siddique and Thakor, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth factor choice is critical for successful functionalization of nanoparticles

et al. 2015

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Nanoparticles (NPs) show new characteristics compared to the corresponding bulk material. These nanoscale properties make them interesting for various applications in biomedicine and life sciences. One field of application is the use of magnetic NPs to support regeneration in the nervous system. Drug delivery requires a functionalization of NPs with bio-functional molecules. In our study, we functionalized self-made PEI-coated iron oxide NPs with nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Next, we tested the bio-functionality of NGF in a rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) and the bio-functionality of GDNF in an organotypic spinal cord culture. Covalent binding of NGF to PEI-NPs impaired bio-functionality of NGF, but non-covalent approach differentiated PC12 cells reliably. Non-covalent binding of GDNF showed a satisfying bio-functionality of GDNF:PEI-NPs, but turned out to be unstable in conjugation to the PEI-NPs. Taken together, our study showed the importance of assessing bio-functionality and binding stability of functionalized growth factors using proper biological models. It also shows that successful functionalization of magnetic NPs with growth factors is dependent on the used binding chemistry and that it is hardly predictable. For use as therapeutics, functionalization strategies have to be reproducible and future studies are needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth factor choice is critical for successful functionalization of nanoparticles

et al. 2015

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“…These neuroinflammatory cytokines modulate the astroglia dependent apoptosis resulting in malignant glioma development. Reactive astrocytes are a key feature for formation of the 'glial scar' expressing the glial fibrillary acidic protein and ultimate consequence of neuronal death 11 . Silibinin, a flavonolignan obtained from the fruit and seed extracts of 'milk thistle', (Silybum marianum, Asteraceae) is one of the most biologically active component among the three isomers (Silibinin, silychristin and silidianin) which collectively form 'Silymarin.'…”

Section: Quick Response Codementioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2019

IJPSR

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In the present study, we examined the effect of Silibinin on the accumulation of oxidative stress induced by MPTP by in-vitro. After decapitation, healthy rat brain was removed rapidly from the skull and rinsed with cold artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) which has been equilibrated with 95% O 2 / 5% CO 2 gas mixture. Group I brain was incubated in CSF serve as normal, Group II lenses brain was incubated in CSF and DMSO (10%) serve as disease, Group III brain was incubated with MPTP (1 ng/mL) Group IV brain was incubated in MPTP with bromocriptine (10 µg/mL), Group V brain was incubated in MPTP with Silibinin (10 µg/mL) Group VI brain was incubated in MPTP with Silibinin (20 µg/mL). After 1 h of incubation brain slices were homogenized in PBS buffer, pH 7.4 and estimated for protein content, LPO* and GSH as per the procedures. MPTP incubated brain LPO* levels were increased, and GSH activity decreased compared to normal group. Silibinin treated group brain LPO* levels were significantly decreased and GSH activity was increased. The research results were concluded that the Silibinin exhibited significant neuroprotective effect against MPP + free radicals due to their antioxidant activity.

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“…There is some evidence of remyelination within the intermediate phase; however, the regenerated myelin sheath is often abnormally thin and does not restore normal action potential conductance [ 11 ]. The chronic phase of SCI (>6 months post SCI) is characterised by stabilisation of the lesion site, full development of the glial scar around fluid filled cysts, and a plateau in any functional recovery [ 6 , 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Comparative Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury in Humans and Animal Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Johnson

Pickard

Johnson

2021

Biology

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Animal models have been used in preclinical research to examine potential new treatments for spinal cord injury (SCI), including mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation. MSC transplants have been studied in early human trials. Whether the animal models represent the human studies is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis has examined the effects of MSC transplants in human and animal studies. Following searches of PubMed, Clinical Trials and the Cochrane Library, published papers were screened, and data were extracted and analysed. MSC transplantation was associated with significantly improved motor and sensory function in humans, and significantly increased locomotor function in animals. However, there are discrepancies between the studies of human participants and animal models, including timing of MSC transplant post-injury and source of MSCs. Additionally, difficulty in the comparison of functional outcome measures across species limits the predictive nature of the animal research. These findings have been summarised, and recommendations for further research are discussed to better enable the translation of animal models to MSC-based human clinical therapy.

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Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells for Spinal Cord Regeneration

Cited by 5 publications

References 147 publications

Growth factor choice is critical for successful functionalization of nanoparticles

Growth factor choice is critical for successful functionalization of nanoparticles

Untitled

The Comparative Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury in Humans and Animal Models: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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