Neural stem cells in the adult mammalian forebrain: A relatively quiescent subpopulation of subependymal cells

Morshead, Cindi M.; Reynolds, Brent A.; Craig, Constance G.; McBurney, Michael W.; Staines, W.A.; Morassutti, Dante J.; Weiss, Samuel; Kooy, Derek van der

doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90046-9

Cited by 1,299 publications

(983 citation statements)

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“…When the neurons reach the olfactory bulb, they are integrated into the granule cell layer and the periglomerular layer to become GABAergic interneurons (Altman, 1969;Lois and Alvarez-Buylla, 1994;Doetsch et al, 1997;Peretto et al, 1997Peretto et al, , 1999Peretto et al, 2005;Ponti et al, 2006;Bonfanti and Peretto, 2007;Bonfanti et al, 2008;Bonfanti and Theodosis, 2009). The size of the NSC pool in the SVZ is much larger than that in the dentate gyrus (Lois and Alvarez-Buylla, 1993;Morshead et al, 1994). Studies based on animal disease models revealed that neural progenitor cells in the SVZ can also migrate to regions where neuronal disorders occur to compensate for the loss of living neurons (Arvidsson et al, 2002;Tattersfield et al, 2004).…”

Section: Neurogenesis In the Adult Mammalian Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural stem cells: mechanisms and modeling

Yao

Gage

2012

Protein Cell

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In the adult brain, neural stem cells have been found in two major niches: the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb. Neurons derived from these stem cells contribute to learning, memory, and the autonomous repair of the brain under pathological conditions. Hence, the physiology of adult neural stem cells has become a significant component of research on synaptic plasticity and neuronal disorders. In addition, the recently developed induced pluripotent stem cell technique provides a powerful tool for researchers engaged in the pathological and pharmacological study of neuronal disorders. In this review, we briefly summarize the research progress in neural stem cells in the adult brain and in the neuropathological application of the induced pluripotent stem cell technique.

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Section: Neurogenesis In the Adult Mammalian Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural stem cells: mechanisms and modeling

Yao

Gage

2012

Protein Cell

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“…Our results are in agreement with the study by Morshead at al., (Morshead et al. 1994) in which they showed that double kill paradigm using 3 H‐Thymidine on day 0 and day 2 resulted in a 50% reduction in NSCs population that did not return to the control values even after 31 days post kill. Despite differences in the antimitotic agents (Ara‐C vs. 3 H‐Thymidine) and time‐line of re‐exposure (2 days vs. 6 or 12 h after the initial exposure) in these two studies, we achieved similar results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, among the cell content of the stem cell niche in the SVZ, the NSCs (type B) are quiescent and divide infrequently to maintain the pool of stem cells and the down‐stream progenitors through symmetric or asymmetric divisions (Morshead et al. 1994; Riquelme et al. 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers used Ara‐C treatment to eliminate neural stem and progenitor cells from the SVZ stem cell niches but these attempt were not successful to eliminate the entire pool of NSCs mainly due to their quiescent property at the time of antimitotic drug infusion and also because of applying short term (3–7 days) continuous Ara‐C infusion paradigms (Morshead et al. 1994; Pastrana et al. 2009; Codega et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depletion of neural stem cells from the subventricular zone of adult mouse brain using cytosine b‐Arabinofuranoside

et al. 2015

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IntroductionNeural stem cells (NSCs) reside along the ventricular axis of the mammalian brain. They divide infrequently to maintain themselves and the down‐stream progenitors. Due to the quiescent property of NSCs, attempts to deplete these cells using antimitotic agents such as cytosine b‐Aarabinofuranoside (Ara‐C) have not been successful. We hypothesized that implementing infusion gaps in Ara‐C kill paradigms would recruit the quiescent NSCs and subsequently eliminate them from their niches in the subventricular zone (SVZ).MethodsWe infused the right lateral ventricle of adult mice brain with 2% Ara‐C using four different paradigms—1: one week; 2: two weeks; 3, 4: two weeks with an infusion gap of 6 and 12 h on day 7. Neurosphere assay (NSA), neural colony‐forming cell assay (N‐CFCA) and immunofluorescent staining were used to assess depletion of NSCs from the SVZ.ResultsNeurosphere formation dramatically decreased in all paradigms immediately after Ara‐C infusion. Reduction in neurosphere formation was more pronounced in the 3rd and 4th paradigms. Interestingly 1 week after Ara‐C infusion, neurosphere formation recovered toward control values implying the presence of NSCs in the harvested SVZ tissue. Unexpectedly, N‐CFCA in the 3rd paradigm, as one of the most effective paradigms, did not result in formation of NSC‐derived colonies (colonies >2 mm) even from SVZs harvested 1 week after completion of Ara‐C infusion. However, formation of big colonies with serial passaging capability, again confirmed the presence of NSCs.ConclusionsOverall, these data suggest Ara‐C kill paradigms with infusion gaps deplete NSCs in the SVZ more efficiently but the niches would repopulate even after the most vigorous kill paradigm used in this study.

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“…It is possible that some of these newborn cells are the daughters of cortically located adult multipotent neural precursors that have been described in vitro (Palmer et al 1999;Marmur et al 1998). The adult subventricular and ependymal zones, located subjacent to the deep layers of cortex containing degenerating projection neurons, also contain a population of constitutively dividing, multipotent neural precursors (Altman 1969;Reynolds and Weiss 1992;Richards et al 1992;Luskin 1993;Vescovi et al 1993;Lois and Alvarez-Buylla 1993;Morshead et al 1994), and appear to be the source of the second population of newborn cells. Cells from the SVZ population, and perhaps both of these populations, may contribute to induced cortical neurogenesis.…”

Section: Induction Of Neurogenesis In the Neocortex Of Adult Micementioning

confidence: 99%