Neural correlates of reality filtering in schizophrenia spectrum disorder

Thézé, Raphaël; Manuel, Aurélie L.; Pedrazzini, Elena; Chantraine, Fabrice; Patru, Maria Cristina; Nahum, L. H.; Guggisberg, Adrian G.; Schnider, Armin

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.07.036

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Deficits in the sense of reality characterize schizophrenia spectrum disorders (Sass & Parnas, 2003; Thézé et al., 2019). The sense of reality was hypothesized to be based on a reality-filtering mechanism (Schnider, 2008), which operates similarly to extinction or to the ability to abandon anticipations that are no longer valid or appropriate to the situation (Nahum et al., 2009).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mirror- and Eye-Gazing: An Integrative Review of Induced Altered and Anomalous Experiences

Caputo

Lynn

Houran

2020

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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We critically reviewed the protocols, results, and potential implications from empirical studies ( n = 44) on mirror-gazing (including the “psychomanteum”) and eye-to-eye gazing, both in healthy individuals and clinical patients, including studies of hypnotic mirrored self-misidentification, mirror-gazing in body dysmorphic disorder and schizophrenia. We found these methods to be effective for eliciting altered states or anomalous experiences under controlled conditions and in non-clinical samples. Mirror-gazing and eye-to-eye-gazing produced anomalous experiences almost exclusively in the visual, bodily, and self-identity modalities, whereas psychomanteum experiences tended also to involve voices, smells, and bodily touches. The complexity, diversity, and specificity in contents across these anomalous experiences suggest mechanisms beyond perceptual distortions or illusions. We argue that mirror- and eye-gazing anomalous perceptions implicate different mechanisms that induce (i) Derealization (anomalous perceptions of external reality); (ii) Depersonalization (anomalous perceptions of the body), and (iii) Dissociated identity (anomalous perceptions of another identity in place of the self in mirror-gazing or in place of the other in eye-to-eye gazing). These interpretations suggest directions for future researches.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has identified the posterior medial orbitofrontal cortex as the neurophysiological area that is responsible of reality-filtering (Schnider, 2008). Damages to this area produce deficits of confabulation and disorientation in neuropsychological (Nahum et al., 2009) and psychiatric (Thézé et al., 2019) patients.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mirror- and Eye-Gazing: An Integrative Review of Induced Altered and Anomalous Experiences

Caputo

Lynn

Houran

2020

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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“…These findings corroborated current theoretical frameworks that emphasize the role of the temporal and frontal areas in supporting self-generated thoughts (MW) in clinical populations [ 48 , 74 , 75 ]. Furthermore, according to Thézé et al [ 76 ], abnormal brain activation in these regions in patients may suggest greater cortical processing to connect to the task. However, the results for the controls showed that differences between MW and task-focused attention were associated with the connectivity of posterior areas of the cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Oscillatory Brain Dynamics of Mind Wandering in Schizophrenia

et al. 2021

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A number of studies have focused on brain dynamics underlying mind wandering (MW) states in healthy people. However, there is limited understanding of how the oscillatory dynamics accompanying MW states and task-focused states are characterized in clinical populations. In this study, we explored EEG local synchrony of MW associated with schizophrenia, under the premise that changes in attention that arise during MW are associated with a different pattern of brain activity. To this end, we measured the power of EEG oscillations in different frequency bands, recorded while participants watched short video clips. In the group of participants diagnosed with schizophrenia, the power in MW states was significantly lower than during task-focused states, mainly in the frontal and posterior regions. However, in the group of healthy controls, the differences in power between the task-focused and MW states occurred exclusively in the posterior region. Furthermore, the power of the frequency bands during MW and during episodes of task-focused attention correlated with cognitive variables such as processing speed and working memory. These findings on dynamic changes of local synchronization in different frequency bands and areas of the cortex can improve our understanding of mental disorders, such as schizophrenia.

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“…One promising field of research concerns schizophrenia, a psychiatric condition associated with loss of gray matter in this region. Indeed, recent studies showed that an abnormal ORFi can be an early biomarker of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (Theze et al, ). Another population characterized by specific alteration in the OFC region is premature children (Gimenez et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Get real: Orbitofrontal cortex mediates the ability to sense reality in early adolescents

et al. 2020

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Introduction:Orbitofrontal reality filtering (ORFi) is a memory mechanism that distinguishes whether a thought is relevant to present reality or not. In adults, it is mediated by the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). This region is still not fully developed in preteenagers, but ORFi is already active from age 7. Here, we probe the neural correlates of ORFi in early adolescents, hypothesizing that OFC mediates the sense of reality in this population.Methods: Functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI) were acquired in 22 early adolescents during a task composed of two runs: run 1 measuring recognition capacity; run 2 measuring ORFi; each containing two types of images (conditions): distractors (D: images seen for the first time in the current run) and targets (T: images seen for the second time in the current run). Group region of interest (ROI) analysis was performed in a flexible factorial design with two factors (run and condition) using SPM12. Results:We found significant main effects for the experimental run and condition. The bilateral OFC activation was higher during ORFi than during the first run.Additionally, the OFC was more active while processing distractors than targets. Conclusion:These results confirm, for the first time, the role of OFC in reality filtering in early adolescents.

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Neural correlates of reality filtering in schizophrenia spectrum disorder

Abstract: SSD patients appear to invoke compensatory resources to handle the challenges of reality filtering. An abnormal ORFi potential may be an early biomarker of SSD.

Cited by 5 publications

References 73 publications

Mirror- and Eye-Gazing: An Integrative Review of Induced Altered and Anomalous Experiences

Mirror- and Eye-Gazing: An Integrative Review of Induced Altered and Anomalous Experiences

Local Oscillatory Brain Dynamics of Mind Wandering in Schizophrenia

Get real: Orbitofrontal cortex mediates the ability to sense reality in early adolescents

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