Neural calcitropic peptides: Immunoreactive characterization in fish and invertebrates

Hull, Kerry; Marler, Ray; Harvey, S.

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2006.05.009

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Immunohistochemical studies with heterologous antisera suggest that PTH exists in invertebrates such as snail, cockroach and amphioxus [50]. Studies in snail also suggest a potential neuropeptide role for the invertebrate PTH/PTHR system, as mammalian PTH was found to stimulate calcium influx in neurons and induce depolarization and modulation of neural transmission through the inositol-triphosphate second messenger system [50-52]. However, Western blot failed to detect PTH immunoreactive material in neural extracts of prawn, squid, cuttlefish, starfish, dogfish, skate or hagfish [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in snail also suggest a potential neuropeptide role for the invertebrate PTH/PTHR system, as mammalian PTH was found to stimulate calcium influx in neurons and induce depolarization and modulation of neural transmission through the inositol-triphosphate second messenger system [50-52]. However, Western blot failed to detect PTH immunoreactive material in neural extracts of prawn, squid, cuttlefish, starfish, dogfish, skate or hagfish [52]. Moreover, mining of invertebrate molecular databases failed to identify putative PTH-family homologues and their existence remains to be conclusively demonstrated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional characterization and evolution of PTH/PTHrP receptors: insights from the chicken

et al. 2012

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BackgroundThe parathyroid hormone (PTH)-family consists of a group of structurally related factors that regulate calcium and bone homeostasis and are also involved in development of organs such as the heart, mammary gland and immune system. They interact with specific members of family 2 B1 G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which have been characterised in teleosts and mammals. Two PTH/PTHrP receptors, PTH1R and PTH2R exist in mammals and in teleost fish a further receptor PTH3R has also been identified. Recently in chicken, PTH-family members involved in calcium transport were characterized and specific PTHRs are suggested to exist although they have not yet been isolated or functionally characterized. The aim of this study is to further explore the evolution and function of the vertebrate PTH/PTHrP system through the isolation, phylogenetic analysis and functional characterization of the chicken receptors.ResultsTwo PTHRs were isolated in chicken and sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis indicate that the chicken receptors correspond to PTH1R and PTH3R, which emerged prior to the teleost/tetrapod divergence since they are present in cartilaginous fish. The vertebrate PTH2R receptor and its ligand TIP39 have been lost from bird genomes. Chicken PTH1R and PTH3R have a divergent and widespread tissue expression and are also evident in very early embryonic stages of development. Receptor stimulation studies using HEK293 cells stably expressing the chicken PTH1R and PTH3R and monitoring cAMP production revealed they are activated by chicken 1–34 N-terminal PTH-family peptides in a dose dependent manner. PTH-L and PTHrP were the most effective peptides in activating PTH1R (EC50 = 7.7 nM and EC50 = 22.7 nM, respectively). In contrast, PTH-L (100 nM) produced a small cAMP accumulation on activation of PTH3R but PTHrP and PTH (EC50 = 2.5 nM and EC50 = 22.1 nM, respectively) readily activated the receptor. PTHrP also stimulated intracellular Ca2+ accumulation on activation of PTH1R but not PTH3R.ConclusionTwo PTHR homologues of the vertebrate PTH1R and PTH3R were isolated and functionally characterized in chicken. Their distinct pattern of expression during embryo development and in adult tissues, together with their ligand preference, suggests that they have acquired specific functions, which have contributed to their maintenance in the genome. PTH2R and its activating ligand, TIP39, are absent from bird genomes. Nonetheless identification of putative PTH2R and TIP39 in the genome of an ancient agnathan, lamprey, suggests the PTH/PTHrP ligand and receptor family was already present in an early basal paraphyletic group of vertebrates and during the vertebrate radiation diverged via gene/genome duplication and deletion events. Knowledge of the role PTH/PTHrP system in early vertebrates will help to establish evolution of function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional characterization and evolution of PTH/PTHrP receptors: insights from the chicken

et al. 2012

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“…Indeed, there is evidence that the amount of GH present in extra‐pituitary tissues actually exceeds that present in the pituitary gland in some organisms (Hull et al,2005), even though the extra‐pituitary GH concentration is locally low, and does not contribute to the circulating GH pool. Furthermore, PTH and PTHrP are present in tissues of fish and amphibians (Ingleton,2002) and invertebrates (Hull et al,2006), before the evolutionary appearance of the parathyroid glands. Similarly, PRL appears in organisms preceeding the evolution of mammals and its role in lactation, and is active in fish, amphibians, and birds (Bern et al,1967; Harvey et al,1979; Power,2005).…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peptide hormones as developmental growth and differentiation factors

Sanders

Harvey

2008

Developmental Dynamics

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Peptide hormones, usually considered to be endocrine factors responsible for communication between tissues remotely located from each other, are increasingly being found to be synthesized in developing tissues, where they act locally. Several hormones are now known to be produced in developing tissues that are unrelated to the endocrine gland of origin in the adult. These hormones are synthesized locally, and are active as differentiation and survival factors, before the developing adult endocrine tissue becomes functional. There is increasing evidence for paracrine and/or autocrine actions for these factors during development, thus, placing them among the conventional growth and differentiation factors. We review the evidence for the view that thyroid hormones, growth hormone, prolactin, insulin, and parathyroid hormone-related protein are developmental growth and differentiation factors. Developmental Dynamics 237:1537-1552, 2008.

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“…STCs are widely expressed in the brain (Chang et al, 1995;Varghese et al, 1998;Zhang et al, 1998;Hull et al, 2006). In humans, brain neurons, epithelium of the choroid plexus (Franzen et al, 2000), and to some degree vascular endothelial cells express STC1, while glial cells do not (Zhang et al, 1998;Ratkovic et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stanniocalcin 1 is important for poststroke functionality, but dispensable for ischemic tolerance

et al. 2013

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Neural calcitropic peptides: Immunoreactive characterization in fish and invertebrates

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Functional characterization and evolution of PTH/PTHrP receptors: insights from the chicken

Functional characterization and evolution of PTH/PTHrP receptors: insights from the chicken

Peptide hormones as developmental growth and differentiation factors

Stanniocalcin 1 is important for poststroke functionality, but dispensable for ischemic tolerance

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