Neural and Pituitary Mechanisms Involved in Growth Hormone Regulation

Mt, Bluet-Pajot; Bertherat, Jérôme; Epelbaum, Jacques; Kordon, C.

doi:10.1515/jpem.1993.6.3-4.357

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…It is well established that GH release depends on the dual actions of two hypothalamic hormones: growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulates, while somatostatin (SRIH) inhibits GH release [1, 2]. Nevertheless, the dominant hypothalamic control of GH release seems to be stimulatory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, section of the pituitary stalk, electrolytic lesions in parts of the median eminence and transplantation of the pituitary gland under the kidney result in a decrease in GH release [3, 4, 5]. In addition to the hypothalamic control of GH, peripheral hormones (steroid and thyroid hormones, insulin-like growth factors...) are reported to act directly at the pituitary level or to influence the production of the hypothalamic GHRH and/or SRIH [1, 2]. Among them, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), secreted by the liver under GH control, plays a critical role in the negative feedback regulation of GH production [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Inhibitory Effects of Somatostatin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 on Growth Hormone Release by Serum-Free Primary Culture of Pituitary Cells from European Eel (Anguilla anguilla)

et al. 1998

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To investigate the ability of hypothalamic and peripheral factors to directly regulate growth hormone (GH) release in a primitive teleost, the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.), we used primary cultures of dispersed pituitary cells. When cultured for 12 days in a serum-free medium, pituitary cells continuously released large amounts of GH, which exceeded the initial cellular content. Somatotropin-release inhibiting hormone (SRIH-14) dose-dependently inhibited GH release (EC₅₀ 0.75 nM) up to a maximal inhibitory effect of 95%. No desensitization of somatotropes to SRIH was observed over the 12 days of culture. Use of receptor subtype-selective SRIH agonists suggests the existence on eel somatotropes of SRIH receptor(s) related to the mammalian sst₂/sst₃/sst₅ class rather than to the sst₁/sst₄ class. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) dose-dependently inhibited GH release (EC₅₀ 0.03 nM) up to a maximal inhibitory effect of 85%, without desensitization. IGF1 and IGF2 were equipotent in inhibiting GH release, whereas insulin was 1,000 times less active, suggesting the implication of a receptor related to the mammalian IGF type 1 receptor. These results indicate that eel somatotropes are active in vitro without any specific additional factors, and suggest the existence of a dominant inhibitory control of GH release in vivo. Two potential candidates for this chronic negative regulation are a neurohormone, SRIH and a circulating factor, IGF1. These data underline the early evolutionary origin of the molecular and functional SRIH-GH-IGF1 neuroendocrine axis in vertebrates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Inhibitory Effects of Somatostatin and Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 on Growth Hormone Release by Serum-Free Primary Culture of Pituitary Cells from European Eel (Anguilla anguilla)

et al. 1998

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Neuroendocrine Regulation of Growth Hormone Secretion

Steyn

Tolle

Chen

et al. 2016

Comprehensive Physiology

111

103

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This article reviews the main findings that emerged in the intervening years since the previous volume on hormonal control of growth in the section on the endocrine system of the Handbook of Physiology concerning the intra- and extrahypothalamic neuronal networks connecting growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin hypophysiotropic neurons and the integration between regulators of food intake/metabolism and GH release. Among these findings, the discovery of ghrelin still raises many unanswered questions. One important event was the application of deconvolution analysis to the pulsatile patterns of GH secretion in different mammalian species, including Man, according to gender, hormonal environment and ageing. Concerning this last phenomenon, a great body of evidence now supports the role of an attenuation of the GHRH/GH/Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis in the control of mammalian aging.

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